Primary Lessons in Swatow Grammar/Lesson XI

by William Ashmore

Place, Direction, &c.

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tõ-chí,

here.

tõ-hṳ́,

there.

tõ-lãi,

inside.

tõ-hṳ́ lãi-lãi,

away inside there.

lãi-pôiⁿ,

inside.

tõ-chhù-lãi,

in the house.

sì-hái chṳ-lãi,

all within the four seas (China).

tõ-gūa,

outside.

gūa-pôiⁿ,

outside„

tõ-chhân--kò,

in the field.

tõ-chièⁿ-pôiⁿ,

on this side.

tõ-hièⁿ-pôiⁿ,

on that side.

tõ-mīn-chôiⁿ,

before you.

thâu-chôiⁿ,

before„ you„

tõ ka-chiah-ãu,

behind you.

tõ-chiēⁿ; tõ-ẽ,

up above; below.

tõ-lâu-ẽ,

downstairs.

tõ-lâu-téng,

upstairs.

tõ-gu̍t-pâng,

in the bedroom.

tõ Kak-chie̍h,

at Kak-chieh.

tõ hṳ́-phìⁿ-mue̍h,

beside that thing.

tõ-hṳ́ kha--thâu,

there at the foot of it.

tõ-suaⁿ-kha,

at the foor of the mountain.

tõ-hṳ́ chhn̂g-téng,

on that table.

tõ-keh-tói,

in the drawer.

khoi hièⁿ-pôiⁿ,

across the river.

tī-hng,

place.

tī-hng hó,

the place is a good one.

tī-hng khah-o̍ih,

the place is too narrow.

sì-hng,

the four regions; everywhere.

i só-tõ,

the place where he is.

ūi-chhṳ̀,

place.

bô-ūi-chhṳ̀,

no place.

tõ tî-kâi-ūi,

in what place?

tõ tî-kò-lâi,

whence come you?

tī-kài,

land boundary.

sì-chiu-ûi,

all around the four sides.

kok-kài,

boundary of a kingdom.

bô-tõ hó-pàng,

no place to put it.

sì-chì; sì-phìⁿ,

the four quarters; all around about.

thiⁿ,

heaven. tī, earth.

thiⁿ-tī buān-mue̍h,

heaven, earth and all things; the universe.

thiⁿ-chiēⁿ,

tī-ẽ, heaven above and earth beneath.

phóu-thiⁿ-ẽ; thong-thiⁿ-ẽ,

all under heaven.

kàu-tī-ke̍k,

to the ends of the earth.

tī-ge̍k,

hell. im-kan; im-hú, hades.

suaⁿ-téng hái-tói,

on land and sea.

pùaⁿ-thiⁿ,

the middle heaven; the sky.

tõ-hái tin-tang,

in the sea.

chiu-ûi le-le-tńg,

all around; the circumference.

tong-sim; taⁿ-ng; tong-iang,

in the centre.

thûan-thûan lìn-tńg; suân-suân lìn-tńg,

all round about.

sì-sùaⁿ,

scattered abroad.

sie-tú,

mutually touching. sie-sùa, connected.

sie-chiap,

connected, spliced.

tìn-tang,

in among.

chiēⁿ-ẽ,

up and down.

chiēⁿ-chiēⁿ ẽ-ẽ,

up and„ down„ (emphatic).

chhù-piⁿ,

neighboring. lîn-kṳ̃n; lîn-iũ, near by.

sie-kiam-kài,

boundaries adjoining.

sie-tùi; sie-tùi-mīn,

opposite.

sie-hiàng,

fronting each other.

hñg-hñg,

a long way off. kṳ̃n-kṳ̃n, near by.

hñg-kṳ̃n,

far and near. hñg-lõu lâi, come from a distance.

tng-mīn,

face to face.

tùi-hṳ́-kò khṳ̀,

go that way.

pí-tùi Sùaⁿ-thâu khṳ̀,

head for Swatow.

tang,

sai, lâm, pak, east, west, south, and north.

tõ-tang-pôiⁿ,

on the east side.

tõ sai-lâm-pôiⁿ,

on the south-west side.

kṳ̃n-tõ Hiang-Káng,

near to Hong Kong.

àiⁿ-kàu Tah-thâu chiũ-sĩ,

it is just as you reach Tah-thau.

chang-chhiú lâi-kí,

to point with the hand.

chí-tiám; kí-tiám,

to point out; to indicate.

kiâⁿ-ti̍t-ti̍t khṳ̀,

go straight ahead.

chí-kâi hieⁿ-lí seⁿ tõ-tî-kò?

where is this village situated?

chí-kâi hieⁿ-lí seⁿ-tõ khoi-hièⁿ-pôiⁿ,

the village is situated on the other side of the river.

i khiã-khí tõ tang-mn̂g,

he lives at the East gate.

hái-piⁿ; hái-kak; hái-phiâⁿ,

the seashore; the coast; the beach.

sie-keh,

separated from each other.

keh ũ-tiâu-khoi,

separated by a river.

keh ũ-tiâu suaⁿ-lêng,

separated by a mountain ridge.

keh ũ-tî,

separated by a pool.

keh bô-ūa-hñg,

separated not far.

lî bô-ũa-hñg; lî-khui bô-ũa-hñg,

not far away.

hiàng-lâm khṳ̀,

go towards the south.

nià-pak khṳ̀,

go towards the north.

u̍t tõ-pak khṳ̀,

turn towards the north.

nià tî-kò khṳ̀?

which way shall I go?

lṳ́ kâi-chûn-thâu nià-m̄-tie̍h,

the head of your boat is directed wrong.

lî-chí-kò ũ-saⁿ-ji̍t lōu-thâu,

distant from here three days’ journey.

lî-chí-kò ũ cha̍p-phòu-lōu,

distant from here ten leagues fo road.

lî-chí-kò chiàⁿ-kàu nõ-lí-lōu,

distant from here barely up to two li only.

màiⁿ u̍t-lâi, u̍t-khṳ̀,

don’t turn to and fro.

hièⁿ-tùi tî-kò-khṳ̀?

towards which way has he gone?

m̄-chai ũ jie̍h-hñg--bô,

I don’t know whether it is far or not.

bô-jie̍h-hñg; bô-ũa-hñg,

not very far.

hñg--ā! bô-jie̍h-hñg, far!

it is not very far.

hñg-pùaⁿ ji̍t lōu-thâu,

it is distant half a day’s journey.

chhoiⁿ-lí-hñg,

distant a thousand li.

būan-lí-hñg,

distant ten-thousand li.

hñg kàu-bô-ke̍k,

distant beyond limit.

chí--tiâu hñg kúi-hua̍h,

byu this road distant a few steps.

khah-hñg--lī,

O, it’s too far.

mê-hng khá õi-tit-kàu, mē?

Can I get there by evening?

ùi-káⁿ-bōi--ā,

afraid you can’t.

àiⁿ peh-khí suaⁿ-téng, che̍k-tiám-cheng õi-tit-kàu, mē?

I want to climb the mountain, in an hour can I reach (the top)?

chò-hièⁿ-kōi, ā!

how so easy as that!

àiⁿ-kàu a-būe? ka-lô,

are we about to reach there? Far from it.