Tayama Katai and His Novel Entitled Futon/Appendix B

by Motoko Reece

Appendix B

A List of Japanese Persons Mentioned in This Text

• Bakin. See Takizawa Bakin.
• Chikamatsu Monzaemon 近松 門左衛門 (1653–1724). The leading dramatist of his time. He wrote 120 Kabuki and Jōruri plays before he died. They are characterized by realism and a refined style with deep insight into psychology. Some of his plays have been translated into English by Donald Keene.
• Chikamatsu Shūkō 近松 秋江 (1876–1944). A novelist. His real name was Tokuda Hiroshi. A graduate of Waseda University (1901) where he took a course in English literature.
• Doppo. See Kunikida Doppo.
• Futabatei Shimei 二葉亭 四迷 (1864–1909). Early Meiji novelist and translator of Russian literature. His real name was Hasegawa Tatsunosuke. He became famous with his epoch-making Ukigumo, the first novel written in colloquial Japanese analyzing human psychology using western methods.
• Hōgetsu. See Shimamura Hōgetsu.
• Ihara Saikaku 井原 西鶴 (1642–1693). Seventeenth-century prose stylist and haiku poet. One of the great literary figures of the Tokugawa period. Some of his works have been translated into English.
• Kagawa Kageki 香川 景樹 (1768–1843). A waka poet who advocated a plain style of waka. He founded the Keien school of waka. Among his works are theories on waka and a commentary on Kokin Wakashū.
• Kawazoe Kunimoto 川副 国基 (1896–0000). A scholar of modern Japanese literature. His books include Nihon Shizenshugi no Bungaku ("Literature of Japanese Naturalism") and Kindai Nihon Bungakuron ("The Theory of Modern Japanese Literature").
• Kōyō. See Ozaki Kōyō.
• Kunikida Doppo 国木田 獨歩 (1871–1908). A novelist. His given name was Tesuo. He attended Tokyo Senmon Gakkō but left to become a teacher, without graduating. Later he joined the editorial staff of Kokumin Shimbun. He was a skilled short-story writer, having the ability to give his story the lyrical quality of a long poem in prose. The influence of English literature, particularly the poetry of Wordsworth, is apparent in his work. His Gyūniku to Bareisho ("Beef and Potato"), Musashi-No, and Gen Oji ("Old Gen") were translated into English.
• Masamune Hakuchō 正宗 白鳥 (1879–0000). A novelist. His given name is Tadao. After graduating from Tokyo Senmon Gakkō (1901) he became a literary critic for the Yomiuri Shimbun newspaper, but later resigned from this firm and devoted his full time to creative writing. In 1950 he was awarded an order of cultural merit. Among his many works are Torō ("Futility"), and Bikō ("Faint Light").
• Mori Ōgai 森 鷗外 (1862–1922). Litterateur. His given mane was Rintarō. After graduating from Tokyo University with a degree in medicine (1881) he was appointed surgeon to the Imperial Army and soon after he was sent to Germany for further studies (1884). Although Ōgai was a doctor by profession, he is best remembered as a man of letters. Among his works are Maihime ("Dancing Girl"), Gan ("Wild Geese"), and translations of German literature. Gan was translated by Kingo Ochiai and Sanford Goldstein and published by C. E. Tuttle Co., in 1959.
• Nakamura Mitsuo 中村 光夫 (1911–0000). A literary critic. His real name is Kiba Ichirō. Graduating from the French Literature Department of Tokyo University (1935), he went to Paris (1938) as a scholarship student of the French Government. Among his works are Flaubert and Maupassant, and Fūzoku Shōsetsu Ron.
• Okazaki Yoshie 岡崎 義恵 (1892–0000). A scholar of Japanese classics. A graduate of Tokyo University (1917). He was the first scholar to systematically study Japanese classics from the viewpoint of genre. His books include Nihon Bungei no Yōshiki ("Genres in Japanese Literature") and Nihon Geijutsu Shichō ("Ideas in Japanese Arts").
• Ōhashi Otowa 大橋 乙羽 (1869–1901). Writer and publisher. His real name was Watanabe Matatarō. He was adopted by Ōhashi Sahei, the founder of the Hakubunkan Publishing House. It should be noted that Tayama Katai was employed by this house at the time he wrote Futon.
• Oguri Fūyō 小栗 風葉 (1875–1926). A novelist. His real name was Kato Isoo. He was a disciple of Ozaki Kōyō. His Seishun ("Youth") was acclaimed.
• Ōta Gyokumei 太田 玉茗 (1871–1927). A poet. He graduated from Tokyo Senmon Gakkō. At one time he was a reporter of the Kabuki Shimpō. In his later years, he was a resident priest in a Buddhist temple. He was a brother-in-law of Tayama Katai.
• Ozaki Kōyō 尾崎 紅葉 (1867–1903). A novelist. His given name was Tokutarō. He attended the Literature Department of Tokyo University but left it without graduating to become a novelist. After organizing the Kenyūsha society of writers (1888) he started the magazine, Garakuta Bunko. He was a giant among the novelists of the Meiji period. Among his disciples were such well-known writers as Izumi Kyōka and Oguri Fūyō. Kōyō's style was polished and elaborate. His masterpieces include Tajō Takon ("Tears and Regrets") and Konjiki Yasha ("The Gold Demon"). Konjiki Yasha has been translated into English.
• Saikaku. See Ihara Saikaku.
• Senuma Shigeki 瀨沼 茂樹 (1904–0000). A novellist-critic. His real name is Tadanao Suzuki. Among his books are Kindai Nihon Bungaku no Kōzō ("The Structure of Modern Japanese Literature") and Shimazaki Tōson.
• Shimamura Hōgetsu 島村 抱月 (1871–1918). Literary critic and writer. His given name was Takitarō. He was adopted by the Shimamura family (his former name was Sasayama). After graduating from Tokyo Senmon Gakkō (1884), he lectured at Waseda University and wrote novels and criticism for Waseda Bungaku. He studied in Britain and Germany. After returning to Japan he was appointed to a professorship at Waseda University. He was a champion of naturalism and was regarded as the best literary critic of his time.
• Shimazaki Tōson 島崎 藤村 (1872–1943). Poet and novelist. His given name was Haruki. He graduated from Meiji Gakuin (1891) and taught for one year, during which time he wrote Wakanashū ("Young Greens Anthology"). His Hakai ("The Broken Commandment") established him as a novelist. A partial translation of Hakai (Chap. VII) by Edward Seidensticker is available for English readers.
• Takase Bunen 高瀨 文淵 (1864–1935). A critic. His real name was Kurokawa Yasuji. He had great influence on inspiring Tayama Katai's literary aspirations.
• Takizawa Bakin 滝澤 馬琴 (1767–1848). A novelist in various fiction genres who, before he died, was the accepted leader of Edo literature. His favorite genre was the moralistic novel.
• Tōson. See Shimazaki Tōson.
• Tsubouchi Shōyō 坪内 逍遥 (1859–1935). Litterateur. His given name was Yūzō. After graduating from Kaiseikō (predecessor of Tokyo University) he was appointed as an instructor at Waseda University. His Shōsetsu Shinzui established his fame. He translated the complete works of Shakespeare.
• Yanagida Izumi 柳田 泉 (1894–0000). Litterateur. A graduate of Waseda University with a degree in English literature (1918). Among his works are the Complete Works of Carlyle, Study of Greek Ideas, and Essays on Meiji Literature.
• Yoshida Seiichi 吉田 精一 (1908–0000). A scholar in Japanese literature. Graduated from Tokyo University (1932). Among his works are Kindai Nihon Romanshugi Kenkyū ("Studies on Modern Japanese Romanticism") and Shizenshugi no Kenkyū ("Study of Naturalism").
• Wada Kingo 和田 謹吾 (0000?–0000). A scholar in modern Japanese literature. A graduate of Tokyo Kōtōshihan. His Shizenshugi Bungaku ("Study of Naturalism") is an outstanding study of Japanese naturalism.