The Hillsborough Stadium Disaster Interim Report

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The Hillsborough Stadium Disaster Interim Report (1989)
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2034084The Hillsborough Stadium Disaster Interim Report1989The Rt Hon Lord Justice Taylor


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HOME OFFICE


THE HILLSBOROUGH STADIUM DISASTER


15 APRIL 1989


INQUIRY BY
THE RT HON LORD JUSTICE TAYLOR


INTERIM REPORT


Presented to Parliament
by the Secretary of State for the Home Department
by Command of Her Majesty
August 1989


LONDON

HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE


​

CONTENTS

Paragraph Page
INTRODUCTION   1
PART I - WHAT HAPPENED AT HILLSBOROUGH?
CHAPTER 1 - THE GROUND AND PRE MATCH ARRANGMETS   4
Fixing The Venue 21
The Ground 22
The Turnstiles 29
Travel to the Ground 33
Allocation of Places and Tickets 35
Access from Leppings Lane 37
Inside the Leppings Lane Turnstiles 40
Policing Arrangements 47
Sheffield Wednesday's Arrangements 48
Police Communications 49
CHAPTER 2-15 APRIL: THE BUILD UP TO 2.30 pm   9
Early Arrivals 54
Public Houses 55
The Gathering Crowd 57
CHAPTER 3 - THE CRISIS AT THE TURNSTILES   11
"Open the Gates" 66
CHAPTER 4-THE DISASTER   13
CHAPTER 5-THE AFTERMATH   15
Rescue Attempts 81
First Aid 87
In the Control Room 91
No Information 97
Misinformation 98
Public Announcements 100
Fire Brigade 101
South Yorkshire Metropolitan Ambulance Service (SYMAS) 105
Gymnasium 107
The Dead and the Injured 108
CHAPTER 6 - SPECIFIC INCIDENTS   19
PART II - WHY DID IT HAPPEN?
CHAPTER 7 - THE LAYOUT AT THE LEPPINGS LANE END   21
The History 119
The 1981 Semi-final 123
Three Pens 125
The 1985 Changes 127
New Radial Fences 128
Barriers 129
The Turnstiles and Concourse 130
Barrier 144 133
Effects of the Layout 134 ​
CHAPTER 8 - LACK OF FIXED CAPACITIES FOR THE PENS   24
Departures from the Green Guide 139
Safety Certificate 143
Why was the Safety Certificate not Amended? 147
The City Council 150
Summary 159
CHAPTER 9 - LACK OF EFFECTIVE MONITORING OF THE TERRACES   28
Who should Monitor the Terraces? 161
The Interim Popplewell Report 163
The Final Popplewell Report 164
Arrangements at Hillsborough 166
Case for the South Yorkshire Police 168
Harris -v- Sheffield United Football Club Limited 169
Police Practice at the Leppings Lane End 170
"Find Their Own Level" 171
When is an Area "Full"? 175
Fear of Hooliganism 182
Summary 183
CHAPTER 10 - THE BUILD-UP AT THE TURNSTILES   33
The Physical Layout 186
The Number of Turnstiles 187
The "Late" Arrival of Liverpool Fans 191
Traffic Delays 193
Fine Weather and Drinking 194
Was Drunkenness a Major Factor in the Crisis at the Turnstiles? 196
Reduced Efficiency of the Turnstiles 198
Were Fans Without Tickets a Major Factor in the Build-Up? 200
The "Conspiracy" Theory 203
Liverpool Supporters at Away Matches 205
No Conspiracy 208
The Police Operation at Leppings Lane 209
Previous Experience 213
Policing in 1988 214
Police Intelligence in Advance 216
Police Intelligence on the Day 221
Mr Marshall and Mr Greenwood 222
Control Lost 223
Postponement of Kick-off 226
Summary 228
CHAPTER 11 - THE BLUNDER ON OPENING THE GATES   40
CHAPTER 12 - THE BARRIERS IN PEN 3   41
Barrier 144 233
When did Barrier 124a Fail? 236
Dr Eastwood's Testing of the Barriers 237
Corrosion 240
Causation 243
CHAPTER 13 - THE CRUSHING NOT RECOGNISED   43
Observation from Control Room 244
Officers on the Track 245 ​
CHAPTER 14 - THE RESPONSE OF THE POLICE 44
The Officers in Command 250
Police on the Pitch 253
Fans on the Pitch 255
False Reports 257
CHAPTER 15 - THE PERIMETER GATES WERE TOO SMALL 45
PART III - CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 16 - BRIEF SUMMARY OF CAUSES 47
CHAPTER 17 - THE FA'S CHOICE OF GROUND 48
CHAPTER 18 - POLICE 49
Choice of Ends by the Police 272
Police Planning 273
Policing on the Day 277
The Police Case at the Inquiry 285
CHAPTER 19 - THE CITY COUNCIL AND THE SAFETY CERTIFICATE 51
CHAPTER 20 - THE CLUB AND DR EASTWOOD 52
CHAPTER 21 - FIRST AID AND EMERGENCY SERVICES 53
No Fault by the Emergency Services 296
CHAPTER 22 - COMMUNICATIONS 54
PART IV - INTERIM RECOMMENDATIONS
CHAPTER 23 - INTRODUCTION 55
Limited Objectives 304
Perimeter Fences 306
Reduced Numbers 313
Safety Certificate 314
CHAPTER 24 - THE RECOMMENDATIONS 57
Maximum Capacities for Terraces 1
Filling and Monitoring Terraces 4
Fences and Gates 6
Crush Barriers 11
Safety Certificates 13
Duties of each Football Club 18
Police Planning 26
Communications 31
Co-ordination of Emergency Services 35
First Aid, Medical Facilities and Ambulances 39 ​

APPENDICES
1. Plan of Sheffield Wednesday Football Club, Hillsborough Ground
2. Leppings Lane: the perimeter gates and turnstiles
3. The west stand and terraces
4. Arrangement of barriers at west terrace
5. The west terraces at 2.59 pm
6. Specific incidents
Mr Hicks' Evidence
The Goalkeeper and Gate 4
Oxygen
Calling the Fire Service
Mr Kenny Dalglish
7.List of parties and their representation
8.List of those giving oral evidence to the Inquiry in order of appearance

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