The New International Encyclopædia/Baldwin, James Mark

BALDWIN, James Mark (1861–). An American psychologist, born at Columbia, S. C. He graduated at Princeton in 1884; studied at Leipzig, Berlin, and Tübingen; was instructor in German at Princeton in 1886–87, and professor of philosophy at Lake Forest University (Ill.) in 1887–89. From 1889 to 1893 he was professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, Canada, and in the latter year was appointed to the chair of psychology at Princeton. In 1892 he was vice-president of the International Congress of Psychology, London, and in 1897–98 was president of the American Psychological Association. He is a prominent advocate of experimental psychology, to whose problems he has made original contributions concerning illusions, organic selection, reaction-time, and other subjects. With Professor Cattell, of Columbia, he founded the Psychological Review. He is editor-in-chief of the Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology (1901). Among his other publications are: A Handbook of Psychology, 2 vols. (1888); Elements of Psychology (1893); Social and Ethical Interpretations in Mental Development (1897), translated into French and German, his most important work; and The Story of the Mind (1898).