Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute/Volume 14

TRANSACTIONS

AND

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE,

1881.

VOL. XIV.

EDITED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE INSTITUTE,

By

JAMES HECTOR, C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S.

Issued May, 1882.

WELLINGTON:
LYON AND BLAIR, PRINTERS, LAMBTON QUAY

TRUBNER & CO., 60, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON.

ADDENDA ET COEEIGENDA.

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PAGE
9,	line 7 from bottom, for stored or food read stored for food
18,	line 14 {{{1}}}„ for 42 read 40
22,	line 4, for to Taane read of Taane
25,	line 7, for boats read bouts
26,	line 4 from bottom, insert "51" in blank space
41,	line 10 {{{1}}}„ for horokio read Korokio; this with several tribes being the name for the fern Polypodium pennigerum
47,	line 12 from bottom, for line 16 read line 46
107,	in heading of Art. XI., for 1881 read 3rd August, 1880

CONTENTS.

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TRANSACTIONS.

I.—Miscellaneous.
			PAGES
Art.	I.	Historical Incidents and Traditions of the Olden Times, pertaining to the Maoris of the North Island (East Coast), New Zealand; highly illustrative of their national character, and containing many peculiar, curious, and little-known customs and circumstances, and matters firmly believed by them; now for the first time faithfully translated from old Maori writings and recitals, with explanatory notes. Part II. By W. Colenso, F.L.S.	3–33
	II.	Contributions towards a better Knowledge of the Maori Race. Part IV. By W. Colenso	33–48
	III.	On the fine Perception of Colours possessed by the ancient Maoris. By W. Colenso	49–76
	IV.	Notes upon the Great Flood of February, 1868. By W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S.	76–89
	V.	Remarks on the Sand Dunes of the West Coast of the Provincial District of Wellington. By W. T. L. Travers	89–94
	VI.	On the Taieri River Floods and their Prevention. By W. Arthur, C.E.	94–100
	VII.	On the Reclamation of Waste River Beds. By A. D. Dobson, F.G.S.	100–103
	VIII.	A few Remarks on the Carved Stone Bird, named Korotangi by the Maoris, now in the possession of Major Wilson. By Professor Julius von Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S.	104–105
	IX.	On Vertical Triangulation. By C. W. Adams	105–106
	X.	Notes on the Height of Mount Cook. By C. W. Adams	106–107
	XI.	Remarks on Mr. Frankland's Paper on "Mind Stuff." By J. Turnbull Thomson, F.R.G.S., F.R.S.S.A.	107–112
	XII.	On the Production of Inflammatory Action in detached Portions of dead Animal Bodies. By Robert Hall Bakewell, M.D., etc.	113–120
	XIII.	On a Source of Water Supply for Invercargill. By John R. Cuthbertson. (Abstract).	121–122
	XIV.	On the Conversion and Civilization of the Maoris in the South of New Zealand. By the Rev. J. F. H. Wohlers	123–134
	XV.	Fallacies in the Theory of Circular Motion. By T. Wakelin, B.A.	134–142
II.—Zoology.
	XVI.	On the New Zealand Hydrobiinæ. By Professor F. W. Hutton	143–146
	XVII.	On a new Genus of Rissoinæ. By Professor F. W. Hutton	147
	XVIII.	On the Fresh-water Lamellibranchs of New Zealand. By Professor F. W. Hutton	148–150
	XIX.	Notes on some Pulmonate Mollusca. By Professor F. W. Hutton	150–158
	XX.	Notes on the Anatomy of the Bitentaculate Slugs of New Zealand. By Professor F. W. Hutton	158–161
	XXI.	Notes on some Branchiate Mollusca. By Professor F. W. Hutton	162–167
	XXII.	Description of two little-known Species of New Zealand Shells. By W. Colenso, F.L.S.	168–169
	XXIII.	Notes on New Zealand Mollusca. By Mr. Justice Gillies	169–171
	XXIV.	Additions to the New Zealand Crustacea. By Charles Chilton	171–174
	XXV.	On some Subterranean Crustacea. By Charles Chilton, B.A.	174–180
	XXVI.	History of Fish Culture in New Zealand. By W. Arthur, C.E.	180–210
	XXVII.	On the Occurrence of the Salmon Trout in Nelson Harbour. By James Hector, M.D.	211–213
	XXVIII.	On two Species of Nudibranchiate Mollusca. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S.	213–215
	XXIX.	Further Notes on Coccidæ in New Zealand, with Descriptions of new Species. By W. M. Maskell, Fell. Roy. Micros. Soc.	215–229
	XXX.	Additions to the Crustacean Fauna of New Zealand. By George M. Thomson, F.L.S.	230–238
	XXXI.	On the Notornis. By Walter L. Buller, C.M.G., Sc.D., F.R.S.	238–244
	XXXII.	On the Skeleton of Notornis mantelli. By T. Jeffery Parker, B.Sc. London, Professor of Biology in the University of Otago	245–258
	XXXIII.	On a new Method of preserving Cartilaginous Skeletons and other soft Animal Structures. By T. Jeffery Parker	258–264
	XXXIV.	Notice of the Occurrence of the Eastern Golden Plover (Charadrius fulvus) in the Auckland District. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S.	264–265
	XXXV.	Notice of the Occurrence of the Australian Roller (Eurystomus pacificus) in New Zealand. By T. F. Cheeseman	265–266
	XXXVI.	On some new Marine Planarians. By T. W. Kirk, Assistant in the Colonial Museum	267–268
	XXXVII.	Additions to the List of New Zealand Shells. By T. W. Kirk	268–269
	XXXVIII.	On Pseudo-scab and Lung-worm in Sheep. By John Buchanan, F.L.S.	269–274
	XXXIX.	Notes on Zoological Researches made on the Chicken Islands, East Coast of the North Island. By Andreas Reischek; communicated by Professor von. Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S.	274–277
	XL.	On some new and undescribed Species of New Zealand Insects, of the Orders Orthoptera and Coleoptera. By W. Colenso, F.L.S.	277–282
	XLI.	Description of new Shells. By T. W. Kirk, Assistant in the Colonial Museum	282–283
	XLII.	Description of new Cephalopoda. By T. W. Kirk	283–286
III.—Botany.
	XLIII.	On the Fresh-water Algæ of New Zealand. By W. I. Spencer, M.R.C.S.	287–299
	XLIV.	On some Additions to the Flora of New Zealand. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S.	299–301
	XLV.	Contributions to a Flora of the Nelson Provincial District. By T. F. Cheeseman	301–329
	XLVI.	A Description of a few new Plants from our New Zealand Forests. By W. Colenso, F.L.S.	329–341
	XLVII.	On the Alpine Flora of New Zealand. By John Buchanan, F.L.S., of the Geological Survey Department	342–356
	XLVIII.	On some Plants new to New Zealand, and Description of a new Species. By J. Buchanan	356–357
	XLIX.	On new Species of New Zealand Diatoms. By John Inglis	357–359
	L.	Description of new Plants. By J. B. Armstrong	359–362
	LI.	Description of new Plants. By D. Petrie, M.A.	362–364
	LII.	Notes on Epacris microphylla in New Zealand. By A. T. Urquhart	364–365
	LIII.	On the Sugar Values of Beetroots grown in the Waikato District. By J. A. Pond	365–372
	LIV.	Notes on Sorghum Experiment. By Mr. Justice Gillies	373–374
	LV.	On an Abnormal Growth of New Zealand Flax. By the Rev. Philip Walsh	374
	LVI.	On the New Zealand Olives. By T. Kirk, F.L.S.	375–378
	LVII.	Notice of the Occurrence of Triodia and Atropis in New Zealand, with Descriptions of new Species. By T. Kirk	378–379
	LVIII.	A Revision of the New Zealand Lepidia, with Descriptions of new Species. By T. Kirk	379–382
	LIX.	Notes on recent Additions to the New Zealand Flora. By T. Kirk	382–386
	LX.	Notes on Plants from Campbell Island. By T. Kirk, F.L.S.	387–389
IV.—Chemistry.
	LXI.	On the Preparation of Spontaneously Inflammable Phosphine. By T. A. Mollet	391–392
	LXII.	On a new Form of Burette. By T. A. Mollet	392–393
	LXIII.	Notes on Refrigeration. By Professor A. W. Bickerton	391–397
	LXIV.	On the supposed Paraffin Deposit at Waiapu. By William Skey, Analyst to the Geological Survey Department	397–399
	LXV.	On a Search for the Poisonous Principle of Brachyglottis repanda and B. rangiora. By W. Skey	400–402
	LXVI.	On a new Theory of the Mode by which Photographic Effects are produced with Silver Salts. By William Skey	403–404
	LXVII.	On the Percentage of Citric Acid obtained from Limes grown in Auckland and Tahiti. By J. A. Pond	405–406
V.—Geology.
	LXVIII.	On the Formation of Lake Wakatipu. By William Stuart	407–408
	LXIX.	Description of new Tertiary Fossils. By T. W. Kirk, Assistant in the Colonial Museum	409
	LXX.	On a Deposit of Moa Bones near Motanau, North Canterbury. By Alexander McKay, of the Geological Survey Department	410–414
	LXXI.	Further Notes on the Thermal Springs in the Hanmer Plains, Provincial District of Nelson. By Julius von Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S.	414–417
	LXXII.	Notes on the Mineralogy of New Zealand. By S. Herbert Cox, F.C.S., F.G.S., Assistant Geologist	418–450
	LXXIII.	On Crystalline Rocks. By W. D. Campbell, F.G.S.	450–457
	LXXIV.	Notes on a Pseudomorphous Form of Gold. By W. D. Campbell	457–458
Miscellaneous—(Continued).
	LXXV.	A Study of the Causes leading to the Extinction of the Maori. By Alfred K. Newman, M.B., M.R.C.P.	459–477
	LXXVI.	On the fine Perception of Colours possessed by the ancient Maoris (Addendum to Art. III.). By W. Colenso, F.L.S.	477–484
	LXXVII.	On the Origin of the New Zealand Flora—being a Presidential Address to the Otago Institute. By George M. Thomson, F.L.S.	485–502
	LXXVIII.	Origin and Early History of the Canterbury Museum; being the Annual Address. By Professor Julius von Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S., President of the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury	503–516
NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE.
Thirteenth Annual Report of the Board of Governors			519–520
Accounts of the New Zealand Institute, 1880–1			520
Reports on Museum, Geological Survey, Publications, Meteorology, Observatory, Laboratory, and Library			521–527
PROCEEDINGS.
WELLINGTON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
Address by the President, Dr. Hector (abstract)			531
Description of Additions to the Museum. By Dr. Hector			531–532
Do.do.do.do.			533
Description of Bird Skins presented to the Museum. By Dr. Buller, C.M.G.			534
Mention of Tin Ore in New Zealand. By Dr. Hector			534
Discussion on Paper by Mr. W. T. L. Travers "On the Great Flood of February, 1868"			535–537
An Account of some of the less-known Islands of Western Polynesia. By Mr. Deputy-Commissioner Romilly			538–539
On the Extinction of the Moa. By H. C. Field.			540
On a Lichen of the genus Leuconora. By W. H. Levin, M.H.R.			540
Suggestions relative to the Rabbit Nuisance. By Henry Tryon (abstract)			540–541
On Solar Heat. By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S. (abstract)			541
Abstract of Report for 1881			541
Election of Officers for 1882			541
Address by the President, Dr. Hector (abstract)			541–543
On a Fundamental Error in Dynamics, the Theory of Gravitation, and the Nebular Hypothesis. By Victor Falkner (abstract)			543–544
List of Sertularians collected in Wellington. By T. W. Kirk			544
Abnormal Colouring in the Kokako. By T. W. Kirk			544–545
Reported Capture of a Californian Salmon at Riverton. By Dr. Hector			545
Fossil Cetaceans. By Dr. Hector (abstract)			545
New System of Telegraphic Weather Reports. By Dr. Hector			545
Remarks on New Zealand Sponges. By Dr. Hector			545
AUCKLAND INSTITUTE.
Anniversary Address by the President, T. Peacock (abstract)			546–549
On the New Zealand Garabidæ. By Capt. T. Broun, M.E.S.			549
Remarks on Scale Blight (Icerya purchasi). By E. A. Mackechnie			549
New Species of Coleoptera. By Capt. T. Broun			549
The Shadow of Justice. By E. A. Mackechnie (abstract)			550
The New Zealand Dascyllidæ. By Capt. T. Broun (abstract)			550
New Species of Curculionidæ. By Capt. T. Broun			551
On Evolution considered from its religious side. By the Rev. S. Edgar			551
On the Swiss Lake Dwellings. By Neil Heath (abstract)			551–553
Revision of the New Zealand Cossonidæ. By Capt. T. Broun			554
Recent Advances in Photography. By J. Martin, F.G.S. (abstract)			554
New Species of Gerambycidæ. By Capt. T. Broun			554
Notes on Various Subjects. By James Baber, C.E.			554–555
Translation of the Maori Tradition of Maui. By F. E. Maning			555
On the Shore of the Unknown. By E. A. Mackechnie			555
Abstract of Annual Report			555–556
Election of Officers for 1882			556
PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE OF CANTERBURY.
Exhibition of a Marine Spider and Vegetable Caterpillar. By Prof. Hutton			557
Election of Vice-president			558
Rock Paintings from South Africa. Exhibited by Professor J. von Haast			558
Scale Insects. Exhibited by W. M. Maskell			559
Abstract of Annual Report			559–560
Election of Officers for 1882			560
OTAGO INSTITUTE.
Remarks on Notornis. By Professor Parker			561
Remarks on Sphenodon güntheri. By Dr. Hector			561
Exhibition of Dissecting Microscope. By Professor Parker			561
On the Cause of Error in executing Minor Triangulation with Instruments of small Diameter. By J. Aitken Connell			561
The Birds of Macquarrie Island. By Professor Scott			561
Model of Stylonichia mytilus, exhibited by Prof. Parker			562
On the Development of the Discomedusæ. By Dr. Wilhelm Haacke			562
Remarks on Specimens of Saccharomyces. By Prof. Parker			562
Remarks on Sections of Macrocystis. By Prof. Parker			562
Electric Lighting. By R. Jones			562
Paintings of Notornis, exhibited by Prof. Parker			562
Mounted Skeletons, exhibited by Prof. Parker			562–563
Abstract of Annual Report			563
Election of Officers for 1882			563
HAWKE'S BAY PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE.
Election of Officers for 1881			564
Abstract of Annual Report			564
Insects, Plants, etc., exhibited by W. Colenso			564–565
Fossils, exhibited by W. Colenso			565
Zoological Specimens and Maori Curiosities, exhibited by W. Colenso			565–566
Fossil Remains, exhibited by W. Colenso			567
SOUTHLAND INSTITUTE.
On Recent Advances in Science. By J. T. Thomson, F.R.G.S. (abstract)			568
Buddhistic Philosophy. By J. T. Thomson			569
The Habits of Ants. By the Rev. J. Paterson			569
On the Importance of Forestry. By D. McArthur			569
On Co-operation. By J. R. Cuthbertson			569
On Burns. By W. G. Mehaffey			569
Election of Officers for 1882			569
Abstract of Annual Report			569
APPENDIX.
Meteorological Statistics for 1881			xxi
Notes on the Weather during 1881			xxii
Earthquakes reported in New Zealand during 1881			xxiii
Honorary Members of the New Zealand Institute			xxiv
Ordinary Members			xxiv–xxxvii
List of Public Institutions and Individuals to whom this volume is presented			xxxviii–xl
Addenda et Corrigenda			iii
Contents			v–ix
List of Plates			x
Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute			xi
Abstract of Rules and Statutes of the New Zealand Institute			xi–xiii
List of Incorporated Societies			xiv
Officers of Incorporated Societies, and Extracts from the Rules			xiv–xvii

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LIST OF PLATES.

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Plate		TO FACE PAGE
I.	Hutton.—Hydrobiinæ and Rissoinæ	146
II.	{{{1}}}„Fresh-water Lamellibranchs	148
III.	{{{1}}}„Pulmonate Mollusca	152
IV.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	156
V.	{{{1}}}„Bitentaculate Slug	160
VI.	{{{1}}}„Branchiate Mollusca	162
VII.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	166
VIII.	Chilton.—Crustacea	172
IX.	{{{1}}}„Subterranean Crustacea	178
X.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	176
XI.	Arthur.—Map of Taieri River Basin	96
XII.	{{{1}}}„Salmo fario	192
XIII.	{{{1}}}„Trout-hatching	208
XIV.	{{{1}}}„Opoho Breeding Ponds	208
XV.	Maskell.—Coccidæ	222
XVI.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	224
XVII.	G. M. Thomson.—Crustacea	232
XVIII.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	236
XIX.	Parker.—Notornis mantelli	246
XX.	{{{1}}}„Notornis mantelli, Tribonyx gouldi, Ocydromus australis, Porphyria melanotus	248
XXI.	{{{1}}}„Ocydronms, Notornis, Tribonyx, Porphyrio	250
XXII.	Inglis.—Diatomaceæ	358
XXIII.	Spencer.—Fresh-water Algæ	296
XXIV.	Buchanan.—Alpine Plants	344
XXV.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	344
XXVI.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	346
XXVII.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	346
XXVIII.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	348
XXIX.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	348
XXX.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	350
XXXI.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	350
XXXII.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	352
XXXIII.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	352
XXXIV.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	354
XXXV.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	356
XXXVI.	T. W. Kirk.—Cephalopoda	284
XXXVII.	Mollett.–$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$Fig. 1. Phosphine Generator Fig. 2. A new Form of Buretté$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	392
XXXIX.	Campbell.—Pseudomorphous Form of Gold	458