Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute/Volume 21

TRANSACTIONS

AND

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE,

1888

VOL. XXI.

(Fourth of New Series)

EDITED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE INSTITUTE,

By

SIR JAMES HECTOR, K.C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S.

Director

Issued May, 1889.

WELLINGTON:

GEORGE DIDSBURY, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

TRÜBNER & CO., 57 & 59, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON E.C.

CORRIGENDA ET ADDENDA.

Page	33,	line 37, and page 41, line 6, for "Maruaepuke" read "Mamaepuke."
Page	34,	line  7, for "Wullerstorfii" read "Wulferstorfii."
{{{1}}}„	38,	{{{1}}}„ 37, for "gladifolius" read "glastifolius."
{{{1}}}„	59,	{{{1}}}„  1, after "C." insert "(Lophocolea)."
{{{1}}}„	123,	{{{1}}}„ 17, for "resting" read "nesting."
{{{1}}}„	260,	bottom line, for "Geological" read "Zoological."
{{{1}}}„	343,	line 11 from bottom, for "flow" read "floor."
{{{1}}}„	351,	{{{1}}}„  3, for "microscopic" read "macroscopic."
{{{1}}}„	395,	{{{1}}}„  8 from bottom, for "Tokomaru" read "Anaura."
{{{1}}}„	415,	{{{1}}}„ 10 from bottom, for "one" read "our."
{{{1}}}„	418,	{{{1}}}„ 13, for "Copeland" read "Coupland."
{{{1}}}„	446,	{{{1}}}„  7 from bottom, for " /p" read "a/p"

CONTENTS.

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TRANSACTIONS.

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I.—Botany.
			PAGES.
Art.	I.	Further Notes on the Dcsmidiece of New Zealand, with Descriptions of New Species. By W. M. Maskell, F.R.M.S.	3–32
	II.	On the Botany of Te Moehau Mountain, Cape Colville. By James Adams, B.A.	32–41
	III.	A Description of a Species of Orobanche (supposed to be new) parasitical on a Plant of Hydrocotyle. By William Colenso, F.R.S., F.L.S., &c.	41–43
	IV.	A Description of some newly-discovered Cryptogamic Plants; being a further Contribution towards the making known the Botany of New Zealand. By W. Colenso	43–80
	V.	A Description of some newly-discovered Phænogamic Plants; being a further Contribution towards the making known the Botany of New Zealand. By W. Colenso	80–108
	VI.	Notes on a Plant (Glossostigma elatinoides) found beside the Maungapouri Stream, Otaki. By Clement W. Lee	108–109
	VII.	The Fall of the Leaf. By Joshua Rutland	110–120
II.—Zoology.
	VIII.	On some Birds from the Kermadec Islands. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S.	121–124
	IX.	Notice of the Capture of a Specimen of the Shy Albatross (Diomedea cauta) near Auckland. By T. F. Cheeseman	125–126
	X.	The Habits and Home of the Wandering Albatross (Diomedea exulans). By A. Reischek, F.L.S.	126–128
	XI.	On a Specimen of the Brown Gannet (Sula fusca) shot in Napier Harbour, with Notes on other New Zealand Birds. By A. Hamilton	128–134
	XII.	On new Species of Araneidea. By A. T. Urquhart	134–152
	XIII.	On a new Species of Gasteracantha from Norfolk Island. By A. T. Urquhart	152–154
	XIV.	Descriptions of New Zealand Micro-Lepidoptera. By E. Meyrick, B.A., F.E.S.	154–188
	XV.	On the Natural History of Three Species of Micro-Lepidoptera. By G. V. Hudson	189–190
	XVI.	On the Varieties of a common Moth (Declana floccosa). By G. V. Hudson	190–193
	XVII.	A Description of a new and large Species of Orthopterous Insect of the Genus Hemideina, Walker. By W. Colenso, F.R.S., F.L.S., &c.	193–194
	XVIII.	Notes on a peculiar Chrysalis of an unknown pages Species of Butterfly. By W. Colenso	194–196
	XIX.	A few Notes on the Economy and Habits of one of our largest and handsomest New Zealand Butterflies (Pyrameis gonerilla). By W. Colenso	196–199
	XX.	A few stray Notes on the New Zealand Owl, Athene novæ-zealandiæ, Gml.—Ruru and Koukou of the Maoris, and Morepork of the Settlers. By W. Colenso	200–205
	XXI.	On the Birds of Lake Brunner District. By W. W. Smith	205–224
	XXII.	On Apteryx bulleri. By R. Bowdler Sharpe, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Hon. Mem. N.Z. Inst.	224
	XXIII.	Notes on the Decrease of Pheasants on the West Coast of the North Island. By Edward N. Liffiton	225–226
	XXIV.	The Takahe (Notornis mantelli) in Western Otago. By James Park, F.G.S., of the Geological Survey Department	226–230
	XXV.	Notes on some New Zealand Birds. By T. W. Kirk, F.R.M.S.	230–233
	XXVI.	The Mole-cricket (Gryllotalpa vulgaris) in New Zealand. By T. W. Kirk	233–235
	XXVII.	On the Cause of the Disappearance of Young Trout from our Streams. By Alexander Ferguson: communicated by T. W. Kirk	235–237
	XXVIII.	The Distribution and Varieties of the Freshwater Crayfish of New Zealand. By Charles Chilton, M.A., B.Sc.	237–252
	XXIX.	Note on the Parasite (Temnocephala) found on the Freshwater Crayfish of New Zealand. By Charles Chilton	252–253
	XXX.	On some Gall-producing Insects in New Zealand. By W. M. Maskell, F.R.M.S.	253–258
	XXXI.	Notes on, and recent Additions to, the New Zealand Crustacean Fauna. By George M. Thomson, F.L.S.	259–268
III.—Geology.
	XXXII.	The Earthquake in the Amuri. By Professor Hutton	269–293
	XXXIII.	On the Fossil Marine Diatomaceous Deposit near Oamaru. By Harry A. de Lautour, M.R.C.S.	293–311
	XXXIV.	Notes on a Deposit of Moa-bones in the Te Aute Swamp, Hawke's Bay. By A. Hamilton	311–318
	XXXV.	Discovery of Fossil Moa-feathers in Rocks of Pliocene Age. By H. Hill, B.A., F.G.S.	318–320
	XXXVI.	The Oil Prospects of Poverty Bay and District. By H. Hill	320–325
	XXXVII.	On the Extent and Duration of Workable Coal in New Zealand. By James Park, F.G.S., of the Geological Survey Department	325–331
	XXXVIII.	The Alluvial Deposits of Otago. By L. O. Beal	332–334
	XXXIX.	Note on Rock collected by the Rev. W. S. Green from near the Summit of Mount Cook. By Professor T. G. Bonney, F.R.S.: communicated by Professor F. W. Hutton	334–335
	XL.	On a Striated Rock-surface from Boatman's, near Reefton. By G. J. Binns, F.G.S.	335-336
	XLI.	On the Neighbourhood of Te Aoroa, Northern Wairoa. By John Harding, of Mount Vernon	336–338
	XLII.	Notes on the Geology of Tongariro and the Taupo District. By Professor A. P. W. Thomas, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S.	338–353
IV.—Chemistry.
	XLIII.	On the Manganese Deposits of the Auckland District. By J. A. Pond, Colonial Analyst	355–358
	XLIV.	On the Occurrence of Tellurium in the Thames Lodes. By J. A. Pond	358–359
	XLV.	On the Preparation of Artificial Chromes for Ornamental Purposes. By William Skey, Analyst to the Geological Survey Department	359–363
	XLVI.	On the Fallacy of the Electro-capillary Theory. By William Skey	363–367
	XLVII.	On the Occurrence of Native Lead at Collingwood, and its Association with Gold. By William Skey	367–368
V.—Miscellaneous.
	XLVIII.	Sanitary Sewerage. By H. P. Higginson, M.I.C.E.	369–378
	XLIX.	Notes on the Islands to the South of New Zealand. By A. Reischek, F.L.S.	378–389
	L.	On the Visit of Captain Cook to Poverty Bay and Tolaga Bay. By Archdeacon W. L. Williams	389–397
	LI.	On the Relics of Captain Cook's Last Voyage. By Taylor White	397–398
	LII.	Snow Scenes on the Southern Alps. By Taylor White	398–401
	LIII.	Notes on Coloured Sheep. By Taylor White	402–406
	LIV.	Notes on the Waikato River Basins. By L. Cussen	406–416
	LV.	A Local Tradition of Raukawa—a Legend of Maungatahi. By T. Pine	416–418
	LVI.	On the Mental Effects of certain Vowel-sounds. By R. Coupland Harding	418–428
	LVII.	Rabbit Disease in the Wairarapa. By Coleman Phillips	429–438
	LVIII.	The Ancient Moa-hunters at Waingongoro. By Lieut.-Colonel McDonnell: communicated by James Park, F.G.S.	438–441
	LIX.	On the Mechanical Description of a Straight Line by means of Link-work. By W. Steadman Aldis	441–446
	LX.	The Knowledge of Cattle amongst the ancient Polynesians. By Edward Tregear, F.R.G.S.	447–476
NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE.
Twentieth Annual Report			479–480
Accounts			480
PROCEEDINGS.
WELLINGTON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
Inaugural Address by the President, W. M. Maskell, F.R.M.S.			483–484
Two Suggestions for the Consideration of the Governors of the New Zealand Institute. By A. de B. Brandon			485–486
On the Limestones and other Rocks of the Rimutaka and Tararua Mountains. By A. McKay, F.G.S.			486–487
On the Supposed Occurrence of Two Sets of Greensand-beds at Waihao Forks, South Canterbury. By A. McKay			488–489
On a Discovery of Manganese near Wellington. By J. Wallace			489
On the Oil-bearing Strata of the North Island. By J. Park, F.G.S.			489–492
On the Earthquake of 1st September, 1888, and its Bearing upon the Architecture of Wellington. By W. M. Maskell, F.R.M.S.			492–498
On Earthquakes and Architecture. By T. Turnbull, F.R.I.B. A., M.I.G.A., and A.C.A.			498–502
Exhibit of Minerals from Richmond Hill, Collingwood			502
Notes on Lasioptera cerealis. By G. V. Hudson			507–508
Notes on Te Karamea Bluff. By Captain G. Mair			508
Remarks on Earthquakes in the Amuri District, South Island. By A. McKay, F.G.S.			508–509
Remarks on Alumite from Australia. By Sir J. Hector			509
Note in reference to a Paper in Vol. xx. of the "Transactions." By T. Wakelin, M.A.			510
Abstract of Annual Report and Accounts			512
Scheme for Encouragement of Research			512
Remarks on Insect-pests and their Cure. By W. M. Maskell			513
Election of Officers for 1889			513
On the Electro-magnetism of Atmospheric Oxygen; its Causes, and some of its Effects. By the Hon. R. Hart, M.L.C.			513
AUCKLAND INSTITUTE.
Anniversary Address by the President, S. P. Smith, F.R.G.S.			514
Remarks on Ethnological Specimens from the Islands. By S. P. Smith			514
The Realms of Imagination. By the Rev. E. H. Gulliver			514
Poor-relief. By the Rev. W. Tebbs			514
Electrolysis. By Professor F. D. Brown			514
On new Beetles collected by Mr. Urquhart at Te Aroha. By Captain T. Broun			515
The Chemistry of Agriculture. By J. A. Pond			515
Darwinism tested by Logic. By R. H. Bakewell, M.D.			515
Micro-organisms, and their Power in Every-day Life. By Professor Thomas			515
On Optics. By Dr. C. Purchas			516
On the School of Agriculture at Lincoln. By A. Gray			516
On Scientific Methods of Modern Pharmacology. By Dr. T. G. Davy			516
Abstract of Annual Report and Accounts			516–517
Election of Officers for 1889517
Address to Mr. S. P. Smith, ex-President			517
Address to Mr. Reischek			517
PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE OF CANTERBURY.
On the Metallurgy of the Economic Minerals. By J. B. Stansell			518
Resolution regarding the late Mr. T. H. Potts			518
On the Goldfields of New Zealand. By Professor Hutton			518
Abstract of Annual Report and Accounts			519
Election of Officers for 1889			519
The Restoration of Philosophy. By Professor Haslam			519
OTAGO INSTITUTE.
On the Economic Position of New Zealand. By Professor J. Mainwaring Brown			520
Additions to the Museum			521
Remarks on Election of Professor Parker as F.R.S.			521
On the Early History of Otago. By Dr. Hocken			521
On Methods of mounting Animals. By Professor Parker			522
On the Conservation and Extension of the Amenities of Dunedin and its Neighbourhood. By Alexander Bathgate			522
On some Nepheline-bearing Rocks (Nepheline-Phonolites) from the Neighbourhood of Dunedin. By Professor Ulrich			522
On the Early History of Otago. By Dr. Hocken			522
Description of New Zealand Plants. By D. Petrie, M.A.			523
Descriptions of new Species of New Zealand Araneæ. By P. Goyen			523
On Gasteracantha ocellata. By P. Goyen			523
On Specimens of Birds mounted for the Museum. By Professor Parker			523
On a Specimen of Dinornis casuarinus. By Professor Parker			523
Abstract of Annual Report and Accounts			523
Election of Officers for 1889			523–524
On an Ancient Cosmogony. By A. Wilson, M.A.			524
WESTLAND INSTITUTE.
Abstract of Annual Report and Accounts			525
Election of Officers			525
HAWKE'S BAY PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE.
Remarks on Exhibits			526–527
The Moa and its Hunters. By L. Moore			527
Pope, the English Poet. By W. Colenso, F.R.S.			527
Exhibits of Specimens from the Kermadec Islands			527
On Experiments in Fish-hatching. By Mr. Balfour			527
NELSON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
Remarks on Exhibits			529
The Royston Cave, Hertfordshire, its History, Origin, and Use, by R. J. Kingsley			529
Abstract of Annual Report and Accounts			529
Election of Officers for 1889			529
On Germs, their Baneful and Beneficent Influence on the Human Organism. By the Bishop of Nelson			529
Remarks on Exhibits			529–530
	APPENDIX.
Meteorological Statistics for 1888			533
Notes on the Weather for 1888			534
Earthquakes reported in New Zealand during 1888			535
Honorary Members of the New Zealand Institute			536
Ordinary Members of the New Zealand Institute			537–549
Institutions and Individuals to whom this Volume is presented			550–553
Alphabetical Index			555–559
Errata et Addendum			v
Contents			vii–xii
List of Plates			xiii
Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute			xv
Abstract of Rules and Statutes of the New Zealand Institute			xv–xvii
Officers of Incorporated Societies, and Extracts from the Rules			xviii–xxi

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LIST OF PLATES.

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	Author		TO FACE PAGE
I.	Maskell.—Desmidieæ		10
II.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	18
III.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„
IV.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	30
V.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„
VI.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„
VII.	Urquhart.—Gasteracantha ocellatum		154
VIII.	Hudson.—Micro-Lepidoptera		190
IX.	{{{1}}}„Declana floccosa		192
X.	Chilton.—Freshwater Crayfish		242
XI.	Maskell.—Eurytoma oleariæ	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	258
XII.	{{{1}}}„Cecidomyia oleariæ
XIII.	Thomson.—Crustacea	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	266
XIV.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„
XV.	Hutton.—Map of Glynn Wye District		274
XVI.	{{{1}}}„Map showing Distribution of Earthquake		282
XVII.	{{{1}}}„Reflection and Refraction of Earth-waves		290
XVIII.	De Lautour.—Map of Oamaru District		294
XIX.	{{{1}}}„Sections	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	298
XX.	{{{1}}}„Diatoms, magnified
XXI.	{{{1}}}„Diatoms	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	306
XXII.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„
XXIII.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„
XXIV.	Hill.—Section of South Pacific Company's Oil-well		322
XXV.	Binns.—Striated Rock-surface		336
XXVI.	Thomas.—Lake Taupo, showing Volcanic Mountains	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	342
XXVII.	{{{1}}}„Cone of Ngauruhoe
XXVIII.	{{{1}}}„Tongariro	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	346
XXIX.	{{{1}}}„Map of Tongariro Summit
XXX.	{{{1}}}„North Crater, Tongariro	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	350
XXXI.	{{{1}}}„Lakes on Summit of Tongariro
XXXII.	{{{1}}}„Lake Taupo, showing Lake Terrace
XXXIII.	Williams.—Maps of Poverty Bay and Tolaga Bay		394
XXXIV.	Cussen.—Map of Waikato River Basin	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	410
XXXV.	{{{1}}}„Section of Walker's Gully
XXXVI.	Tregear.—Rafts made of Skins, &c.		462