Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute/Volume 27

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TRANSACTIONS


OF THE


NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE


TRANSACTIONS


AND


PROCEEDINGS


OF THE


NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE,


1894


VOL. XXVII.

(Tenth of New Series)


EDITED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE INSTITUTE


By

SIR JAMES HECTOR, K.C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S.

Director


Issued May, 1895.


WELLINGTON:

SAMUEL COSTALL, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

TRÜBNER & CO., 57 & 59, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON E.C.


CORRIGENDUM.


Pages 200 and 202. For Strolasterias read Stolasterias.

CONTENTS.




TRANSACTIONS.




I.—Zoology.
PAGES.
Art. I. Synoptical List of Coccidæ reported from Australasia and the Pacific Islands up to December, 1894. By W. M. Maskell, Registrar of the University of New Zealand, Corr. Mem. Roy. Soc. of South Australia 1–35
II. Further Coccid Notes: with Descriptions of New Species from New Zealand, Australia, Sandwich Islands, and elsewhere, and Remarks upon many Species already reported. By W. M. Maskell 36–75
III. Illustrations of Darwinism; or, The Avifauna of New Zealand considered in Relation to the Fundamental Law of Descent with Modification. By Sir Walter L. Buller, K.C.M.G., D.Sc, F.R.S., &c. 75–104
IV. Notes on the Ornithology of New Zealand; with an Exhibition of Rare Specimens. By Sir W. L. Buller 104–126
V. On a New Species of Fern-bird (Sphenœacus) from the Snares Islands; with an Exhibition of Specimens. By Sir W. L. Buller 127–128
VI. Notes on the Flightless Duck of the Auckland Islands (Nesonetta aucklandica). By Sir W. L. Buller 128–129
VII. Notes on Phalacrocorax colensoi, of the Auckland Islands, and on Phalacrocorax onslowi, of the Chatham Islands. By Sir W. L. Buller 129–132
VIII. Notes on Œstrelata neglecta; with an Exhibition of Specimens. By Sir W. L. Buller 132–134
IX. Some Curiosities of Bird-life. By Sir W. L. Buller 134–142
X. On the Wetas, a Group of Orthopterous Insects inhabiting New Zealand; with Descriptions of Two New Species. By Sir W. L. Buller 143–147
XI. Observations on some peculiar Maori Remains, with Remarks on the Ancient Institution of Tapu. By Sir W. L. Buller 148–154
XII. Note on the Vegetable Caterpillar (Cordiceps robertsii). By Sir W. L. Buller 155–156
XIII. On the Axial Skeleton in the Dinornithidæ. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S., Curator of the Canterbury Museum 157–178
XIV. On the Occurrence of a Pneumatic Foramen in the Femur of a Moa. By Captain F. W. Hutton 173–174
XV. On a New Species of Weta (Locustidæ) from Bounty Island. By Captain F. W. Hutton 174–176
XVI. On Majaqueus æquinoctialis, from Antipodes Island. By Captain F. W. Hutton 177
XVII. Notes on New Zealand Land Planarians: Part I. By Arthur Dendy, D.Sc, Professor of Biology in the Canterbury College, University of New Zealand 177–189
XVIII. Note on a New Variety of Peripatus novæ-zealandiæ, Hutton. By Arthur Dendy 190–191
XIX. Notes on a New Zealand Land Nemertine. By Arthur Dendy 191–194
XX. Notes on New Zealand Echinoderms. By H. Farquhar 194–208
XXI. Descriptions of Two New Gymnoblastic Hydroids. By H. Farquhar 208–209
XXII. Notes on some Crustacea from Macquarie Island. By George M. Thomson, F.L.S. 210–214
XXIII. On the most frequent Pelagic Copepods and Cladoceres of the Hauraki Gulf. By Dr. Augustus Krämer, Physician H.I.M.S. "Bussard" 214–223
XXIV. Notes on the Larger Species of Paryphanta in New Zealand, with some Remarks on the Distribution and Dispersal of Land-shells. By W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S. 224–228
XXV. Further Contributions towards a Bibliography of the Dinornithidæ, the Great Extinct Birds of New Zealand, usually called Moas: Supplement No. 1. By A. Hamilton 228–231
XXVI. On the Feathers of a Small Species of Moa (Megalapteryx) found in a Cave at the Head of the Waikaia River; with a Notice of a Moa-hunter's Camping-place on the Old Man Range. By A. Hamilton 232–238
XXVII. Zoological Notes: (1) Arboreal Nests of Bush-rat (Mus maorium); (2) Paryphanta hochstetteri found at Low Levels at West Wanganui. By R. I. Kingsley 238–239
XXVIII. Remarks on the Rats of New Zealand. By Taylor White 240–261
XXIX. On the Bird Moa and its Aliases. By Taylor White 262–273
XXX. The Kea (Nestor notabilis), a Sheep-eating Parrot. By Taylor White 273–280
XXXI. On the Abundance of Vanessa itea in Wellington during Season 1894. By Water P. Cohen 281
XXXII. A Chapter in the History of the Warfare against Insect-pests. By W. M. Maskell 282–284
XXXIII. On the Anatomy of Flight of Certain Birds. By Sir James Hector, F.R.S. 284–287
XXXIV. Further Contribution to a Knowledge of the New Zealand Sponges. By H. B. Kirk, M.A. 287–292
XXXV. On a New Shell (Anomia walteri). By Sir J. Hector 292–293
XXXVI. On some New Species of Tipulæ (Daddy-long-legs) found in New Zealand. By G. V. Hudson, F.E.S. 293–295
II.–Botany.
XXXVII. The Algæ of New Zealand: their Characteristics and Distribution. By Robert M. Laing, B.Sc. 297–318
XXXVIII. On the Preparation and Preservation of Botanical Specimens. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. 318–327
XXXIX. On New Forms of Celmisia, Cass. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. 327–330
XL. A Revision of the New Zealand Gentians. By T. Kirk 330–341
XLI. On the New Zealand Species of Gunnera, L. By T. Kirk 341–348
XLII. Descriptions of New or Remarkable Plants from the Upper Waimakariri. By T. Kirk 349–353
XLIII. Description of New Grasses from Macquarie Island. By T. Kirk 353–354
XLIV. A Revision of the New Zealand Species of Colobanthus, Bartling. By T. Kirk 354–359
XLV. Notes and Reminiscences of Early Crossings of the romantically-situated Lake Waikaremoana, County of Hawke's Bay, of its Neighbouring Country, and of its peculiar Botany; performed in the Years 1841 and 1843. By W. Colenso, F.R.S., F.L.S. (Lond.), &c. 359–382
XLVI. Phænogams: A Description of a few more Newly-discovered Indigenous Plants; being a Further Contribution towards the making known the Botany of New Zealand. By W. Colenso 383–399
XLVII. A Description of Two New Ferns and One New Lycopodium, lately detected in our New Zealand Forests. By W. Colenso 399–401
XLVIII. An Account of the Finding of Two Australian Plants, hitherto unnoticed, here in New Zealand. By W. Colenso 401–402
XXXIX. On New Zealand Mosses. By T. W. Naylor Beckett, F.L.S. 403–405
L. Description of New Native Plants. By D. Petrie, M.A., F.L.S. 405–406
LI. On the Presence of some Noxious Weeds in Nelson District. By R. I. Kingsley 407
LII. Botanical Notes: Plants new to Nelson District, &c., from West Wanganui. By R. I. Kingsley 407–409
LIII. Notes on New Zealand Mosses: Genus Grimmia. By Robert Brown 409–421
LIV. Notes on New Zealand Mosses: Genus Orthotrichum. By Robert Brown 422–446
LV. On the Growth of Ferns; and on a New Fern now first reported. By H. C. Field 446–450
III.–Geology.
LVI. On the Hawke's Bay Pleistocene Beds and the Glacial Period. By H. Hill, F.G.S. 451–476
LVII. On the Occurrence of Moa Footprints in the Bed of the Manawatu River, near Palmerston North. By H. Hill 476–477
LVI1I. The Nuhaka Hot Springs. By H. Hill 478–479
IV.—Miscellaneous.
LIX. Magnetization of Iron by High-frequency Discharges. By E. Rutherford, M. A. 481–513
LX. The Last Glacial Epoch: explained by Major-General Drayson's Discovery of the Second Rotation of the Earth. By Major-General Schaw, C.B., R.E. 513–534
LXI. On some Peculiar Cases of the Reflection of Light. By Major-General Schaw 535–538
LXII. The Immortality of the Cosmos; being an Attempt to show that the Theory of the Dissipation of Energy is limited to Finite Portions of Space. By Professor Bickerton 538–545
LXIII. Synoptic Statement of the Principles and Phenomena of Cosmic Impact: prepared for the Criticism of Scientific Men and Societies. By Professor Bickerton 545–553
LXIV. On an Oversight in Croll's Mode of lengthening the Age of the Sun's Heat. By Professor Bickerton 558–559
LXV. Notes on a Visit to Macquarie Island. By A. Hamilton 559–579
LXVI. Myths of Observation. By Edward Tregear 579–593
LXVII. Ceremonial Language. By Edward Tregear 593–597
LXVIII. The Modern History of a Block of Greenstone. By W. Colenso, F.R.S., &c. 598–606
LXIX. Notes on Tombs of a Prehistoric Race of Colombia, South America. By R. I. Kingsley 606–609
LXX. Maori Preserved Heads. By the Rev. Philip Walsh 610–616
LXXI. Some Account of the Earliest Literature and Maps relating to New Zealand. By Dr. T. M. Hocken, F.L.S. 616–634
I.—Zoologycontinued.
LXXII. On a New Species of Ant from New Zealand. By Professor C. Emery, University of Bologna, Italy: communicated by W. W. Smith 635–636

NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE.
Twenty-sixth Annual Report 627–628
Accounts for 1893–94 628

PROCEEDINGS.

WELLINGTON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
The Humist Doctrine of Causation in its Relation to Modern Agnosticism. By W. W. Carlile, M.A. 646–647
Resolution as to Dr. C. V. Riley 649
Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute/Volume 27/Wellington Philosophical Society#On the Milk-supply of Wellington. By C. Hulke 654
On a Discovery of Bones of Dinornis giganteus on the surface. By Sir J. Hector 655-656
On a Method of Cure in Germ-diseases. By R. J. Barnes 657
Note on the Aurora Australis, as observed at Karori, Wellington, on the 20th August, 1894. By G. V. Hudson 657–658
Exhibit of Tuatara (Sphenodon punctatum) and Young. By Sir W. L. Buller 659
Appendix to Paper on the Glacial Epoch. By Major-General Schaw 660–661
On a Peculiar Appearance in a Cloud during the Daylight. By A. J. Lichfield 663
On Baryte: a Rare Form. By Sir J. Hector 664
Pélé's Hair (Volcanic Glass-fibre). By Sir J. Hector 664
On the Occurrence of a Mineral Belt in the Heart of the great Schist-formation of Otago. By Sir J. Hector 664–665
On the so-called Vegetable Caterpillar, and other Fungi that attack Insects. By W. M. Maskell 665–666
On Oyster-culture in New Zealand. By Sir J. Hector 670
Remarks on Paryphanta hochstetteri. By Sir W. L. Buller 670–671
Abstract of Annual Report 671
Election of Officers for 1895 671
On the Utilization of Mineral Springs in New Zealand for the Production of Ornamental Objects in Stone. By C. Smith 671
Notes from the Chatham Islands. By Major Gascoyne: communicated by Sir W. L. Buller 671–672
On a New Fern. By H. C. Field 672
On some Living Colonial Rarities. By H. C. Field 672
On a Process for coating Non-conducting Substances with Metal. By H. N. McLeod 672
AUCKLAND INSTITUTE.
The History of Money: Anniversary Address by J. H. Upton, President 673
The Economic Effects of Various Land-tenures. By E. Withy 673
Description of the Carved Maori House at Maketu. By T. F. Cheeseman 674
The Geology, Resources, and Prospects of the Thames Goldfields. By James Park, F.G.S. 674
A Greek Madonna. By Professor Arnold Tubbs 675
The Treatment of Lunatics, historically considered. By F. G. Ewington 675–676
Comparative Religion. By the Rev. J. Bates 676
Poetry considered as an Interpretation of Life. By Professor Egerton 676
A Yorkshire Blood-feud. By F. D. Fenton 676
Darwin. By Professor A. P. Thomas 677
Shooting-stars and Meteors. By Professor H. W. Segar 677
A Poet's Socialism. By E. A. Mackechnie 677
Explosives. By Professor F. D. Brown 677
Abstract of Annual Report 677–679
Election of Officers for 1895 679
PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE OF CANTERBURY.
On a Concrete Conception of Angles and Parallels. By J. R. Wilkinson, M. A. 680
Modern Views of Protoplasm. By R. M. Laing, M.A. 680
On the Conditions of Equilibrium of Free Gaseous Cosmical Bodies under Varying Conditions of Volume, Composition, Temperature, and Mass. By Professor Bickerton 681
Curves of Gravitation. By Professor Bickerton 681
On Disposing Affinity and the Constitution of difficultly-decomposable Cyanides. By Professor Bickerton 681
Note on the Observation of Microseismic Waves. By G. Hogben, M.A. 681
Note on Land Planarians of New Zealand. By A. Dendy, D.Sc. 682
On Six Pieces of Apparatus to determine experimentally the various Lines of Force upon which Scientific Apparatus is founded. By Professor Bickerton 682
On Molecular Attraction. By Professor Bickerton 682
On the Specific Heat of the Elements, deduced from the Specific Heat of Compound Gases at Constant Volume. By Professor Bickerton 682
On Chlorine as a Cure for Consumption. By Professor Bickerton 682
On Hail. By Professor Bickerton 682
On a Simple Classification of Organic Compounds. By Professor Bickerton 682
On a Simple Method of representing the Graphic Constitution of Organic Bodies. By Professor Bickerton 682
Abstract of Annual Report 682
Election of Officers for 1895 682
OTAGO INSTITUTE.
The Appreciation of Gold. By Professor F. B. de M. Gibbons 683
On the Characteristics and Life-history of the principal Parasitic Worms infesting Man. By Professor Parker 683
On the Structure and Systematic Position of Anaspis. By G. M. Thomson 683
On the Financial Depression, its Cause and Remedy. By E. Melland 683
Remarks on Ethnological Specimens from New Guinea. By Professor Parker 683
On some Female Characters in the Plays of Sophocles. By the Rev. Dr. Belcher 683
On Recent Discoveries at Megalopolis, in Arcadia. By the Rev. Dr. Belcher 684
Remarks on the Leg-bone of a Megalapteryx. By Professor Parker 684
Remarks on Additions to the Museum. By Professor Parker 684
Remarks on a Collection of New Zealand Fishes. By Professor Parker 684
Abstract of Annual Report 685
Election of Officers for 1895 685
WESTLAND INSTITUTE.
Abstract of Annual Report 681
Election of Officers for 1895 681
HAWKE'S BAY PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE.
On Spectacles. By Dr. F. W. Innes 687
Some Curious and Little-known Information and Memoranda relating to Letters and Mails in the Olden Time. By W. Colenso, F.R.S., F.L.S. (Lond), &c. 687
On Corals and Coral Islands. By Dr. Moore 688
Presentation to the Rev. W. Colenso, F.R.S. 688–689
Abstract of Annual Report 690
Election of Officers for 1895 690
NELSON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
Description of a Journey to Mount Cook. By Dr. J. Hudson 691
Additions to Museum exhibited 691
Rat's Nest found in a Hedge exhibited 692
Appendix to Notes on Tregear's Maori-Polynesian Dictionary. By A. S. Atkinson 692
On the Bacilli of Tetanus. By Dr. Hudson 692
Exhibit of Lizard and its Young (Naultinus elegans) 692
Resolution as to Mr. Atkinson's Notes on Tregear's Maori-Polynesian Dictionary 692
Abstract of Annual Report 693
Election of Officers for 1895 693
On the Importance of the Study of Natural History. By the Bishop of Nelson 693

APPENDIX.

Meteorological Statistics for 1894 697
Notes on the Weather for 1894 698
Earthquakes reported in New Zealand during 1894 699
Honorary Members of the New Zealand Institute 700
Ordinary Members of the New Zealand Institute 701–709
Institutions and Individuals to whom this Volume is presented 710–714
Alphabetical Index 715–719

Corrigenda iv.
Contents v.–xi.
List of Plates xiii.–xiv.
Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute xv.
Abstract of Rules and Statutes of the New Zealand Institute xv.–xvii.
Roll of Incorporated Societies xviii.
Officers of Incorporated Societies, and Extracts from the Rules xxviii.–xxi.




LIST OF PLATES.

Note.—These are placed together at the end of the volume.


Author
I. Maskell.—Coccidæ
II. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
III. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
IV. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
V. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
VI. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
VII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
VIII. Buller.—Vegetable Caterpillar
IX. Hutton.—Pachyornis pygmæus
X. Farquhar.—Echinoderms
XI. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XIV. Thomson.—Guernea antarctica
XV. Krämer.—Copepods
XVI. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XVII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XVIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XIX. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XX. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XXI. {{{1}}}Cladoceres
XXII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XXIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XXIV. H. B. Kirk.—Sponges
XXV. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XXVI. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XXVIa. T. Kirk.—Botanical Press
XXVII. {{{1}}}Gentians
XXVIIa. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XXVIIb. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XXVIIc. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XXVIId. {{{1}}} Colobanthus buchanani
XXVIIe. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}brevisepalus
XXVIII. Beckett.—Blindia tenuifolia
XXIX. Brown.—Mosses: Genus Grimmia
XXX. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XXXI. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XXXII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XXXIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XXXIV. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XXXV. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}Genus Orthotrichum
XXXVI. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XXXVII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XXXVIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XXXIX. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XL. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XLI. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XLII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XLIII. Hill.—Geology of Hawke's Bay
XLIV. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}
XLV. Schaw.—Theory of Glacial Epoch
XLVI. {{{1}}} Theory of Reflections
XLVII. Hill.—Moa Footprints
XLVIII. Rutherford.—Magnetization of Iron
XLIX. {{{1}}}{{{1}}}
L. Hamilton.—Macquarie Island
LI. Kingsley.—Prehistoric Tombs