Index:World History.pdf

Title	World History
Author	Hutton Webster
Year	1921
Publisher	D.C. Heath & Co., Publishers
Location	Boston
Source	pdf
Progress	To be proofread
Transclusion	Index not transcluded or unreviewed

Pages (key to Page Status)

1 2 3 4 5 i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x xi xii xiii xiv xv xvi xvii xviii xix xx xxi xxii xxiii xxiv xxv xxvi xxvii xxviii xxix xxx xxxi — 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Image — 13 14 15 16 17 18 Map 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 - Map Map — 29 30 31 32 33 34 — Map Map — 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Map — 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 Image — 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 — Map Map — 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Image Image 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 Map — 91 92 93 94 Image Image 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 Map — 105 106 107 Map 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 Map — 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 Image — 137 138 — Map Map — 139 140 141 142 Image Image 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 Map 153 154 155 156 Map — 157 158 159 160 Map — 161 162 Map — 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 Image 174 175 176 Image Image 177 178 179 180 Image 182 183 184 Map — Image 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 Map — 193 194 Image 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 — Map Map — 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 Image — 213 214 215 216 217 Image 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 Image Image 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 Image — 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 — Map Map — 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 Image Image 273 274 275 276 277 278 Map — 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 Image — 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 Map — Image 302 Image Image 303 304 305 306 307 308 Map — 309 310 Image — 311 312 313 314 Map — 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 Map — 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 — Map Map — 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 Map — 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 Map — 389 390 Image Image 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 Map — 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 Image Image 415 416 Map — 417 418 419 420 421 Image 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 Image 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 Image 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 Image — 453 454 455 456 457 458 Map — 459 460 Image — 461 462 Map — 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 Image 476 Image — 477 478 479 480 Image 482 Image Image 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 Map — Image 492 493 494 Image — — Map Map — Image 496 497 498 499 Image 501 502 503 504 505 Image 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 Image 519 520 Map — 521 522 Image 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 Map — 531 532 533 534 535 536 Image Image 537 538 Map — 539 540 Map — 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 — Map Map — 549 550 551 552 Map — 553 554 — Map Map — 555 556 557 558 559 560 — Map Map — 561 562 563 564 Map — 565 566 567 568 569 570 Map — 571 572 573 574 575 576 Map — 577 578 Map 580 581 582 — Map Map — 583 584 585 586 587 588 Image Image 589 Map 591 592 Map — 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 — Map Map — 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 Map — 621 622 623 624 625 626 Map — 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 Map — 639 640 641 642 643 644 Image Image 645 646 647 648 649 650 Map — 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 Map — 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 Map 678 679 680 Map 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 Image 693 694 695 Map 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 Image 709 710 Image Image Image 712 713 714 — Map Map — 715 716 717 718 — Map Map — 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764

CONTENTS

			PAGE
List of Illustrations			xi
List of Maps			xv
List of Plates			xviii
Suggestions for Further Study			xx
CHAPTER
I.	Prehistoric Times
	1.	Introductory	1
	2.	Man's Place in Nature	2
	3.	The Old Stone Age	8
	4.	The New Stone Age	12
	5.	The Age of Metals	15
	6.	Races of Man	17
	7.	Languages of Man	21
	8.	Writing and the Alphabet	23
II.	The Ancient Orient
	9.	The Lands of the Near East	29
	10.	The Peoples of the Near East	32
	11.	Social Conditions	40
	12.	Economic Conditions	44
	13.	Commerce and Commercial Routes	46
	14.	Law and Morality	49
	15.	Religion	52
	16.	Literature and Art	55
	17.	Science	58
	18.	Orient and Occident	62
III.	Greece
	19.	The Lands of the West	65
	20.	The Mediterranean Basin	68
	21.	The Ægeans	71
	22.	The Greeks	73
	23.	The Greek City-States	79
	24.	Colonial Expansion of Greece	82
	25.	The Persian Wars, 499-479 B.C.	84
	26.	Athens, 469-431 B.C.	89
	27.	Athenian Culture	93
	28.	Decline of the Greek City-States, 431-338 B.C.	97
	29.	Alexander the Great, and the Conquest of Persia	101
	30.	The Hellenistic Age	105
IV.	ROME
	31.	Italian Peoples	112
	32.	The Romans	115
	33.	The Roman City-State	119
	34.	Expansion of Rome over Italy, 509(?)-264 B.C.	121
	35.	Expansion of Rome Beyond Italy, 264-133 B.C.	123
	36.	Rome the Mistress of the Mediterranean Basin	129
	37	Decline of the Roman City-State, 133-31 B.C.	132
	38.	The Early Empire, 31 B.C.-284 A.D.	138
	39.	The World under Roman Rule	144
	40.	Christianity in the Roman World	149
	41.	The Later Empire, 284-476 A.D.	153
V.	THE MIDDLE AGES
	42.	The Germans	157
	43.	The Holy Roman Empire	161
	44.	The Northmen and the Normans	166
	45.	Feudalism	169
	46.	The Byzantine Empire	176
	47.	The Arabas and Islam, 622-1058	180
	48.	The Crusades, 1095-1291	187
	49.	Mongolian Peoples in Europe to 1453	190
	50.	National States during the Later Middle Ages	194
VI.	MEDIEVAL CIVILIZATION
	51.	The Church	203
	52.	The Clergy	207
	53.	The Papacy	211
	54.	Country Life	214
	55.	Serfdom	219
	56.	City Life	221
	57.	Civic Industry	225
	58.	Civic Trade	228
	59.	Cathedrals and Universities	231
	60.	National Lanuages during the Later Middle Ages	236
VII.	THE RENAISSANCE
	61.	Revival of Learning and Art in Italy	240
	62.	Revival of Learning and Art beyond Italy	245
	63.	Geographical Discovery	248
	64.	Colonial Empires	253
	65.	The Old World and the New	255
	66.	The Protestant Reformation	257
	67.	The Protestant Sects	263
	68.	The Catholic Counter Reformation	266
	69.	The Religious Wars	269
	70.	The European State System	278
VIII.	THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES IN EUROPE
	71.	Absolutism and the Divine Right of Kings	281
	72.	The Struggle against Stuart Absolutism in England	282
	73.	The Restoration and the "Glorious Revolution"	291
	74.	Absolutism of Louis XIV in France, 1643-1715	295
	75.	Russia under Peter the Great, 1689-1725	302
	76.	Russia under Catherine II, 1762-1796	307
	77.	Austria and Maria Theresa, 1740-1780	309
	78.	Prussia and Frederick the Great, 1740-1786	310
	79.	The Partitions of Poland, 1772-1795	314
IX.	COMMERCE AND COLONIES DURING THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES
	80.	Mercantilism and Trading Companies	320
	81.	The Dutch Colonial Empire	322
	82.	Rivalry of France and England in India (to 1763)	325
	83.	Rivalry of France and England in North America	328
	84.	The American Revolution, 1776-1783	334
	85.	Formation of the United States	341
	86.	Progress of Geographical Discovery	342
X.	THE OLD RÉGIME
	87.	Reform	346
	88.	The Privileged Classes	347
	89.	The Unprivileged Classes	349
	90.	The Church	351
	91.	Liberal Ideas of Industry and Commerce; the Economists	354
	92.	The Scientists	355
	93.	Liberal Ideas of Religion and Politics; the English Philosophers	357
	94.	The French Philosophers	359
	95.	The Enlightened Despots	362
XI.	THE REVOLUTIONARY AND NAPOLEONIC ERA, 1789-1815
	96.	Eve of the French Revolution	366
	97.	The Estates-General, 1789	370
	98.	Outbreak of the French Revolution	373
	99.	The National Assembly, 1789-1791	376
	100.	The First French Republic, 1792	379
	101.	The National Convention, 1792-1795	384
	102.	The Directory and Napoleon, 1795-1799	387
	103.	The Consulate, 1799-1804	390
	104.	The First French Empire, 1804	393
	105.	Napoleon at War with Europe, 1805-1807	394
	106.	Napoleon's Reorganization of Europe	397
	107.	The Continental System	398
	108.	Revolt of the Nations, 1808-1814	400
	109.	Downfall of Napoleon, 1814-1815	404
	110.	"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"	407
XII.	THE DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT IN EUROPE, 1815-1848
	111.	Modern Democracy	410
	112.	The Congress of Vienna	413
	113.	Restoration of the Dynasties	413
	114.	Territorial Readjustments	415
	115.	"Metternichismus" and the Concert of Europe	419
	116.	France and the "July Revolution," 1830	424
	117.	The "July Revolution" in Europe	426
	118.	The "February Revolution" and the Second French Republic, 1848	432
	119.	The "February Revolution" in Europe	435
XIII.	THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT IN EUROPE, 1848-1871
	120.	Modern Nationalism	440
	121.	Napoleon III and the Second French Empire	442
	122.	Disunited Italy	447
	123.	Victor Emmanuel II and Cavour	450
	124.	United Italy, 1859-1870	452
	125.	Disunited Germany	456
	126.	William I and Bismark	459
	127.	United Germany, 1864-1871	461
XIV.	THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE BRITISH EMPIRE
	128.	Parliamentary Reform, 1832	468
	129.	Political Democracy, 1832-1867	473
	130.	Political Democracy, 1867-1918	477
	131.	Government of the United Kingdom	479
	132.	The Irish Question	486
	133.	The British Empire	490
XV.	THE CONTINENTAL COUNTRIES
	134.	The Third French Republic	498
	135.	Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Belgium	505
	136.	Switzerland, Holland, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden	510
	137.	The German Empire, 1871-1918	513
	138.	The Dual Monarchy, 1867-1918	519
	139.	The Russian Empire	521
	140.	The Ottoman Empire and the Balkan States	529
XVI.	COLONIAL EXPANSION AND WORLD POLITICS
	141.	Greater Europe	540
	142.	The Opening-up of Africa	542
	143.	The Partition of Africa	546
	144.	The Opening-up and Partition of Asia	550
	145.	India	553
	146.	China	555
	147.	Japan	560
	148.	The Opening-up and Partition of Oceania	563
	149.	Australia and New Zealand	565
	150.	Canada	566
	151.	Latin America	568
	152.	The United States	573
	153.	Close of Geographical Discovery	577
XVII.	THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
	154.	Modern Industrialism	581
	155.	The Great Inventions	583
	156.	Effects of the Great Inventions	588
	157.	Improvements in Transportation	592
	158.	Improved Communications	597
	159.	Commerce	600
	160.	Agriculture and Land Tenure	605
	161.	The Labor Movement	609
	162.	Government Regulation of Industry	610
	163.	Public Ownership	614
	164.	Socialism	616
	165.	Poverty and Progress	620
XVIII.	MODERN CIVILIZATION
	166.	Internationalism	625
	167.	Social Betterment	628
	168.	Emancipation of Women and Children	632
	169.	Popular Education and the Higher Learning	634
	170.	Religious Development	636
	171.	Science	641
	172.	Literature	644
	173.	Music and the Fine Arts	646
XIX.	INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, 1871-1914
	174.	The Triple Alliance	650
	175.	The Dual Alliance and the Triple Entente	652
	176.	Colonial Problems	656
	177.	The Eastern Question	658
	178.	Militarism	661
	179.	Pan-Germanism	665
XX.	THE WORLD WAR, 1914-1918
	180.	Beginning of the War, 1914	669
	181.	The Western Front	674
	182.	The Eastern Front	680
	183.	The Balkan and Italian Fronts	682
	184.	The War outside of Europe and on the Sea, 1914-1917	686
	185.	Intervention of the United States	690
	186.	The Russian Revolution	697
	187.	End of the War, 1918	700
XXI.	THE WORLD SETTLEMENT, 1919-1921
	188.	The Peace Conference	707
	189.	Peace with Germany	710
	190.	Peace with Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey	713
	191.	The New Nations in Central Europe	715
	192.	The New Nations in Eastern Europe	717
	193.	Democracy and Socialism	719
	194.	Economic Reconstruction	723
	195.	The League of Nations	725
Appendix — Table of Events and Dates			731
Index and Pronouncing Vocabulary			737