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CONTENTS
vii
CHAPTER | PAGE | |||
63. | Geographical Discovery | 248 | ||
64. | Colonial Empires | 253 | ||
65. | The Old World and the New | 255 | ||
66. | The Protestant Reformation | 257 | ||
67. | The Protestant Sects | 263 | ||
68. | The Catholic Counter Reformation | 266 | ||
69. | The Religious Wars | 269 | ||
70. | The European State System | 278 | ||
VIII. | THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES IN EUROPE | |||
71. | Absolutism and the Divine Right of Kings | 281 | ||
72. | The Struggle against Stuart Absolutism in England | 282 | ||
73. | The Restoration and the "Glorious Revolution" | 291 | ||
74. | Absolutism of Louis XIV in France, 1643-1715 | 295 | ||
75. | Russia under Peter the Great, 1689-1725 | 302 | ||
76. | Russia under Catherine II, 1762-1796 | 307 | ||
77. | Austria and Maria Theresa, 1740-1780 | 309 | ||
78. | Prussia and Frederick the Great, 1740-1786 | 310 | ||
79. | The Partitions of Poland, 1772-1795 | 314 | ||
IX. | COMMERCE AND COLONIES DURING THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES | |||
80. | Mercantilism and Trading Companies | 320 | ||
81. | The Dutch Colonial Empire | 322 | ||
82. | Rivalry of France and England in India (to 1763) | 325 | ||
83. | Rivalry of France and England in North America | 328 | ||
84. | The American Revolution, 1776-1783 | 334 | ||
85. | Formation of the United States | 341 | ||
86. | Progress of Geographical Discovery | 342 | ||
X. | THE OLD RÉGIME | |||
87. | Reform | 346 | ||
88. | The Privileged Classes | 347 | ||
89. | The Unprivileged Classes | 349 | ||
90. | The Church | 351 | ||
91. | Liberal Ideas of Industry and Commerce; the Economists | 354 | ||
92. | The Scientists | 355 | ||
93. | Liberal Ideas of Religion and Politics; the English Philosophers | 357 | ||
94. | The French Philosophers | 359 | ||
95. | The Enlightened Despots | 362 |