Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/298

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Rahm, m., ‘cream, crust of mould or mildew,’ from the equiv. MidHG. roum, m.; comp. Du. room, AS. reám (earlier ModE. ream), OIc. rjóme, ‘cream.’ The â of the ModHG. form compared with OHG. *roum (Thuring. roum) is dialectal (comp. MidHG. strâm and stroum under Strom). The origin of these cognates has not yet been discovered.

Rahmen, m., ‘frame, border,’ from MidHG. ram, rame, m. and f., ‘prop. framework, frame for embroidery or weaving,’ OHG. rama, ‘pillar, prop’; comp. Du. roum, ‘frame.’ Allied probably to Goth. hramjan, ‘to crucify,’ lit. ‘to fasten to a pillar or prop’(?) which may, however, be cognate with Gr. κρεμάννυμι. Rahmen, prop. ‘setting,’ is usually connected with OSlov. kroma, f., ‘border.’

Raigras, n., ModHG. only, from the equiv. E. ray-grass, or rather from its phonetic variant rye-grass.

Rain, m., ‘strip or belt of grass as a dividing line between fields, ridge,’ from MidHG. and OHG. rein, m., ‘ridge’ (as a line of division between fields); corresponding to LG. reen, ‘field boundary,’ OIc. rein, f., ‘strip of land.’ Perhaps cognate with Sans. rêkhâ, f., ‘row, line, strip.’

Ralle, f., ‘corncrake,’ ModHG. only, from Fr. râle, whence also E. rail.

Ramme, f., from the equiv. MidHG. (MidG.) ramme, f., ‘rammer, pile-driver,’ prop. identical with MidHG. ram (gen. rammes), m., ‘ram,’ OHG. ram, rammo, m., ‘ram’ (comp. Bock, Krahn); corresponding to Du. ram, ‘ram, battering-ram,’ AS. ramm, E. ram. No connection with Gr. ἀρήν is possible; it is more probably allied to OIc. ramr, rammr, ‘strong, sharp, powerful.’ See the following word.

rammeln, vb., ‘to buck, rut, ram, force in,’ from MidHG. rammeln, OHG. rammalôn, ‘to rut’; akin to Rammler, ‘buck rabbit,’ from MidHG. rammeler, ‘ram during the rutting season.’ A derivative of the cognates discussed under Ramme.

Rampe, f., ‘sloping terrace,’ only from, Fr. rampe.

Rand, m., ‘rim, border, brink,’ from MidHG. rant (gen. randes), m., OHG. rant (gen. rantes), m., ‘boss of a shield,’ then ‘rim of a shield,’ and finally ‘rim’ (generally); so too Du. rand, ‘edge, rim,’ AS. rǫnd, m., ‘rim of a shield, shield, rim,’ E. rand, OIc. rǫnd (for randô-), ‘shield, rim of a shield.’ Goth. *randa, ‘rim,’ is also

implied by Span. randa, ‘lace on clothes.’ Pre-Teut. *ram-tâ points to a root rem (AS. rĭma, reoma, ‘rim’), the m of which before d would be necessarily changed to n (see hundert, Sand, Sund, and Schande). From the same prim. form is derived the modern dial. term Ranft for Rand; comp. OHG. ramft (with an excrescent f as in Kunft? yet comp. the equiv. OSlov. rąbŭ and Lith. rùmbas), m., ‘rim, rind, border,’ MidHG. ranft, m., ‘frame, rim, rind.’ Rinde also belongs probably to the same stem.

Rang, m., ‘rank, order, row,’ ModHG. only, from Fr. rang (whence also Du. rang, E. rank), which again is derived from G. Ring, OHG. ring, hring.

Range, m., ‘dissolute youth,’ first occurs in early ModHG. Allied to ringen.

Rank, plur. Ränke, m., ‘winding, intrigue, wile,’ from MidHG. ranc (k), m., ‘rapid winding or movement’; corresponding to AS. wręnč, ‘bend, cunning, plot,’ E. wrench. See renken. —

Ranke, f., ‘tendril, creeper,’ ModHG. only, from MidHG. ranken, ‘to move to and fro, extend, stretch.’ See renken. —

Rankkorn, n., from the equiv. MidHG. rankorn, rankhorn, n., ‘quinsy (in pigs)’; allied to Du. wrong, which is used of the diseases of cows. Whether it belongs, by inference from the Du. word, to the pre-Teut. root wrank (see renken), is uncertain.

Ranzen, m., ‘belly, knapsack, satchel,’ from MidHG. rans, m. ‘belly, pauch.’ Comp. Du. ranzel, ‘knapsack.’

ranzen, vb., ‘to speak rudely or harshly to,’ ModHG. only, probably for *rankzen, allied to MidHG. ranken, ‘to bray.’ Scarcely cognate with E. to rant.

ranzig, adj., ‘rancid, fetid,’ ModHG. only, from the equiv. Fr. rance (Lat. rancidus), like, or through the medium of, Du. rans, ‘rotten, rancid.’

Rapp, m., ‘grape-stalk,’ from the MidHG. rappe, rape, m., borrowed from the equiv. Fr. râpe (comp. Ital. raspo), whence also the equiv. E. rape.

Rappe (1.), m., ‘black horse,’ ModHG. only in this sense, which is a figurative use of MidHG. rappe, ‘raven,’ the variant of MidHG. rabe (Alem. rap, ‘raven’). OHG. *rappo is wanting; it would be related to rabo like *knappo, ‘squire,’ to knabo, ‘boy.’ See Rappen.

Rappe (2.), f., ‘malanders,’ from MidHG. rappe, rapfe, f., ‘itch, scab’; allied to Du. rappig, ‘scabby.’ The root is seen in