Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/310

---

roe. Goth. *hrugna- is by chance not recorded. The true source of the word cannot be found; some connect it with AS. hrog, ‘nasal mucus,’ others with Gr. κρόκη, ‘pebble,’ Sans. çarkara, ‘gravel.’

Roggen, m., for the genuine HG. Rocke, Rocken (in Bav. and Hess., Korn is almost invariably used), ‘rye.’ The gg of the ModHG. written form is either LG. or Swiss (see Egge in list of corrections); in MidHG. rocke, OHG. rocko, m., ‘rye, secale’; corresponding to OSax. roggo, Du. rogge. UpG., as well as LG. and Fris., imply the prim. form *rŭggn-. On the other hand, E. and Scand. assume a Goth. *rŭgi-; comp. AS. ryge, E. rye, and the equiv. OIc. rŭgr. Pre-Teut. rughi- is proved by Lith. rugýs, ‘rye-corn’ (rugei, pl., ‘rye’), OSlov. rŭżĭ, ‘rye’ (Gr. ὄρυζα, ‘rice,’ from Sans. vrĭhi, is not allied). Among the East Aryans this term is wanting.

roh, adj., ‘rude, raw, crude, rough,’ from MidHG. rô (infl. râwer), OHG. rô (insl. râwêr), ‘raw, uncooked, rude’ (for earlier hrū̆wa-); comp. the equiv. OSax. hrâ, Du. raauw, AS. hreá, E. raw, OIc. hrár (for *hrávr), ‘raw, uncooked.’ This adj., which is wanting in Goth. (*hrawa-, *hrêwa-), points to a Teut. root hrū̆, from pre-Teut. krū̆, which appears in numerous forms, such as Lat. cruor, cruentas, crûdus (for *cruvidus?), Gr. κρέας, ‘flesh,’ Sans. kravis, ‘raw meat,’ Sans. krûras, ‘bloody,’ OSlov. krŭvi, Lith. kraújas, ‘blood.’

Rohr, n., ‘reed, cane, rush,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. rôr (gen. rôres), n.; an earlier *rauza is to be assumed; comp. Goth. raus, n., OIc. reyr, m., Du. roer, ‘reed’ (wanting in OSax., AS., and E.). The Teut. form in s, closely allied to the Goth., passed into Rom.; comp. Fr. roseau, ‘creed’ and the equiv. Prov. raus. The form rausa-, with which Reuse and Röhre (Rost, (1)?) are also connected, is related to Lat. ruscum, ‘butcher's broom’; comp. Moos with Lat. muscus.

Rohrdommel, f., ‘bittern,’ from the equiv. MidHG. rôrtumel, m.; the word has been variously corrupted in OHG. and MidHG., finally resulting in the ModHG. form. In OHG. occur horo-tukel, horotumil, lit. ‘mud, slime tumbler’ (*rôrtumil is not found in OHG.). MidDu. roesdomel; AS. has a remarkable form, râradumbla, with the same meaning. The wide diffusion of these cognates, transformed in various ways by popular etymology, but closely

resembling one another in sound, leaves to doubt as to their genuine Teut. origin. The usual assumption that they are all corruptions of Lat. crecopulus, cretobolus, onocrotalus won't bear investigation.

Röhre, f., ‘tube, pipe, flue,’ from MidHG. rœre, OHG. rôra, rôrra, from an earlier rôrea, f., ‘reed stalk, hollow stalk, reed’; a derivative of Rehr, OHG. rôr (Goth. *rauzjô, f., is wanting); hence Röhre is lit. ‘the reed-shaped.’

röhren, vb., ‘to bellow,’ from MidHG. rêren, OHG. rêrên, ‘to bleat, roar’; corresponding to AS. rârian, E. to roar.

Rolle, f., ‘roll, roller, pulley, scroll, actor's part,’ from MidHG. rolle, rulle, f., ‘rotulus,’ also rodel, rottel, m. and f., ‘scroll, list, document’; formed from MidLat. rotulus, rotula, or rather the corresponding Rom. cognates. Comp. Ital. rotolo, rullo, Fr. rôle; whence also E. to roll, MidHG. and ModHG. rollen, Fr. rouler, Ital. rullare.

Römer, m., ‘green, bulging wine-glass; rummer’ (‘Roman glass’?).

rösche, adj., ‘prompt, lively, alert, fresh,’ an UpG. word (Bav. and Swiss rœ̂š, ‘lively, precipitons, harsh’), from MidHG. rôsch, rœsche, OHG. rôsc, rôsci, ‘nimble, hasty, fresh’; cognate terms from which we may infer the prim. form (Goth. rausqa-?) are entirely wanting. The connection of the word with rasch is uncertain.

Rose, f., ‘rose,’ from the equiv. MidHG. rôse, OHG. rôsa, f.; comp. the equiv. Du. roos, AS. rŏse, E. rose; adopted in the OHG. period from Lat. rŏsa. Had the word been borrowed earlier, the Lat. quantity would have been retained in G. (in Lilie, from Lat. lîlia, the vowel was shortened, because lĭlja was the pronunciation in MidLat.). Lat. *rôsa is, however, implied also by the Rom. cognates, Ital. rosa and Fr. rose. A Lat. ŏ must have led in OHG. to the form *ruosa; comp. OHG. scuola, ‘school,’ from Lat. scŏla.

Rosine, f., ‘raisin,’ from the equiv. late MidHG. rôsîne (rasin), f.; the latter, like MidLat. rosina, is a corruption of Fr. raisin (sec, ‘raisin’), which, with Ital. racimolo, ‘bunch of grapes,’ is due to. Lat. racêmus, ‘berry’; comp. further Du. rozijn, razijn, E. raisin.

Rosmarin, m., ‘rosemary,’ first occurs in early ModHG., formed from the equiv. Lat. rosmarinus, whence also Du. rozemarijn and MidE. rosmarine, E. rosemary (implying a connection with Mary); the word in