Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/311

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G. and E. is instinctively connected with Rose, ‘rose.’

Rost (1.), m., ‘grate, gridiron,’ from MidHG. rôst, m., ‘grate, funeral pile, glow, fire,’ OHG. rôst, m., rôsta, f., ‘small gridiron, frying-pan,’ The current derivation from Rohr, in which case we should have to assume ‘iron grating’ as the primit. sense of Rost, does not satisfy the meaning (OHG. rôstpfanna, MidHG. rôstpfannue). Derivative rösten, ‘to roast, broil,’ MidHG. rœsten, OHG. rôsten, ‘to lay on the gridiron, roast’; hence the Rom. cognates, Ital. arrostir, ‘to roast,’ Fr. rôtir, and from this again comes E. to roast.

Rost (2.), m., ‘rust, mildew, blight,’ from MidHG. and OHG. rost, m., ‘rust, aerugo, rubigo’; corresponding to the equiv. OSax. rost, Du. roest, AS. rûst, E. rust (Scotch roost), For Goth. *rū̆sta-, ‘rust,’ nidwa, f., was used. Rost belongs to the Teut. root rū̆d (pre-Teut. rudh), ‘to be red,’ appearing in ModHG. rot. From the same root was formed the equiv. OHG. rosamo, which assumed early in MidHG. the meaning ‘freckle,’ as well as OIc. ryð, n., MidHG. rot, m. and n., OSlov. rŭzda (for rudja), f., Lith. rûdis (rudė́ti, ‘to rust’), Lat. robigo, ‘rust’; also Lett. rûsa, ‘rust,’ rusta, ‘brown colour.’

rösten (1.), see under Rost (1).

rosten (2.), vb., ‘to steep, water-rot flax or hemp,’ from MidHG. rœȥen, rœtzen, ‘to rot, cause to rot,’ implying a connection with rösten (1); allied to rôȥ, adj., ‘mellow, soft,’ rôȥȥen, ‘to rot,’ and OHG. rôȥȥên, ‘to rot.’ From a Teut. root raut, ‘to rot’; comp. Du. rot, ‘rotten, decayed,’ OSax. rôtôn, ‘to rot,’ AS. rotian, E. to rot, to ret (from AS. *reátian?), ‘to steep, water-rot,’ OIc. rotenn, ‘putrefied’; see rotten (2).

Roß (1.), n., ‘horse, steed,’ from MidHG. and OHG. ros (gen. rosses), n., ‘horse,’ espec. ‘charger,’ for earlier *hrossa-; comp. OSax. hross, Du. ros, AS. hors, E. horse, OIc. hross, n., ‘horse.’ Goth. *hrussa- is wanting, the term used being OAryan aíhwa- (OSax. ëhu, AS. eoh, OIc. jór), equiv. to Lat. equus, Gr. ἵππος, Sans. áçva-s (Lith. aszvà, ‘mare’). In MidHG. the term Pferd appears; Roß is still used almost exclusively in UpG. with the general sense of ‘horse.’ From the Teut. cognates is derived the Rom. term, Fr. rosse, ‘sorry horse, jade,’ The origin of Teut. hrussa- is uncertain; as far as the meaning is concerned, it may be compared, as is usually done, with Lat.

currere for *curs-ere, *cṛs-ere, root kṛs, ‘to run,’ or with the Sans. root kûrd, ‘to leap,’ with which OIc. hress, ‘quick,’ may also be connected. For another derivation see rüsten —

Roßtäuscher, m., ‘horse-dealer,’ from the equiv. MidHG. rostûscher, rostiuscher, m. (see tauschen), retains the orig. sense of the old word Roß.

Roß (2.), n., ‘honeycomb,’ from the equiv. MidHG. râȥ, râȥe, f.; OHG. *râȥa is by chance not recorded; corresponding to OLG. râta, ‘favus,’ Du. raat, f., ‘virgin honey’; undoubtedly a genuine Teut. term. The derivation from Lat. radius is unfounded; OFr. raie de miel (from raie, ‘ray,’ radius) is due to the influence of the Teut. word, in Goth. *rêta, f., which cannot, however, be traced farther back.

rot, adj., ‘red,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. rôt, adj.; corresponding to the equiv. Goth. rauþs, OIc. rauðr, AS. reád, E. red (AS. also reód, OIc. rjóðr, ‘red’), Du. rood, OSax. rôd. Goth. and common Teut. rauda-, from pre-Teut. roudho-, is a graded form of the widely-diffused Aryan root rū̆dh, ‘to be red,’ which appears also in ModHG. Rost (2), as well as in OHG. rutichôn, ‘to be reddish,’ MidHG. rō̆ten, ‘to redden,’ and MidHG. rŏt, ‘red’; also in Goth. gariudjô, ‘shamefacedness,’ and perhaps Goth. *bi-rusnjan, ‘to honour,’ AS. rudu, ‘redness,’ and rûd, ‘red,’ E. rud (AS. rudduc, E. ruddock). In the non-Teut. languages, besides the words adduced under Rost (2), the following are the principal cognates: Sans. rudhirá-s, ‘red,’ rôhita, ‘red’ (for *rôdhita); Gr. ἐρυθρός, ‘red,’ ἔρευθος, ‘redness, flush,’ ἐρυσίπελας, ‘erysipelas,’ ἐρεύθω, ‘to redden’ (OIc. rjóða; AS. reódan, ‘to redden, kill’); Lat. ruber (rubro- for *rudhro-, Gr. ἐρυθρός, like barba for *bardhâ, see Bart), rufus, ‘red,’ rubidus, ‘dark red,’ rubeo, ‘to blush with shame’; OSlov. rŭdrŭ, ‘red,’ rŭděti sę, ‘to blush’; Lith. rùdas, rùsvas, ‘reddish brown,’ raúdas, raudónas, ‘red,’ raudà, ‘red colour.’ It is noteworthy that red in several of these languages is a sign of shame. Moreover, the Teut. cognates may be explained from an Aryan root rut, which appears also in Lat. rŭt-ilus, ‘reddish.’ — Derivatives Rötel, m., ‘red chalk,’ from MidHG. rœtel, rœtelstein, m., E. ruddle; comp. the equiv. Lat. rubrĭca, from ruber. — Röteln, plur., ‘measles.’ —

Rotwelsch, ‘jargon, cant,’ from MidHG. rôtwalsch, ‘sharpers' language, gibberish,’ allied to rôt, ‘red-haired, deceptive’? rôt,