Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/312

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‘false, cunning,’ frequently occurs in MidHG.

Rotte, f., from the equiv. MidHG. rotte, rote, f., ‘troop, detachment’; borrowed in the MidHG. period from OFr. rote, ‘division of an army, troop,’ whence also E. rout (MidE. route), Du. rot. The OFr. term is derived from MidLat. rutta, rupta; comp. Reuter.

rotten (1.), vb., ‘to root out,’ formed from the earlier MidG. roten, a variant of MidHG. riuten, ‘to root out’; comp. Bav. rieden, Swiss ussrū̆de, ‘to root out.’

rotten (2.), vb., ‘to cause to rot or decay, ModHG. only, from the equiv. LG. and Du. rotten; see rösten (2).

Rotz, m., ‘mucus, snot,’ from the equiv. MidHG. roz, rotz, OHG. roz, earlier hroz, m. and n., formed from a Teut. root hrū̆t (Aryan krud); comp. OHG. rûȥan, AS. hrûtan, ‘to snore, snort,’ OIc. hrjóta. It can scarcely be compared with Gr. κόρυζα, ‘cold, catarrh.’

Rübe (UpG. Rube), f., ‘rape, turnip,’ from the equiv. MidHG. rüebe, ruobe, OHG. ruoba, ruoppa, f. The OHG. word cannot have been borrowed from Lat. râpa, ‘rape,’ although names of vegetables (comp. Kohl, Kappes, and Rettich) have passed directly from Lat. into OHG.; for if the word were borrowed thus, the sounds of Lat. râpa must have been preserved, or rather the p must have been changed into ff. The assumption that the prim. Teut. form rôbî appearing in Rübe was borrowed is opposed by the OHG. graded form râba, MidHG. râbe, ‘rape’ (Swiss rǟbi). The pre-Teut. word is therefore related to Lat. râpum, râpa, with which Gr. ῥάπυς, ῥάφυς, ‘turnip,’ ῥάφανος, ῥαφάνη, OSlov. rěpa, Lith. rópė, ‘turnip,’ are also connected. These cognates are wanting in East Aryan, hence the supposition that they were borrowed, as in the case of Hanf, is not to be discarded.—

Rübezahl, ‘Numbernips, a fabulous spirit of the Riesengebirge,’ is a contraction of MidHG. Ruobezagel, ‘turnip-tail’ (MidHG. zagel is equiv. to E. tail, AS. tœgel).

Rubrik, f., ‘rubric,’ from late MidHG. rubrike, f., ‘red ink’, from Fr. rubrique. whence also E. rubric; for Lat. rubrica see Rötel.

ruchlos, adj., ‘infamous, flagitious,’from MidHG. ruoche-lôs, ‘unconcerned, reckless,’ allied to MidHG. ruoche, f., ‘care, carefulness’; comp. E. reckless; see ruhen and geruben.

ruchtbar, ruchbar, adj., ‘notorious, ModHG. only, from LG., as is indicated by the LG. and Du. cht for the HG. ft; allied to MidHG. ruoft, ‘fame, reputation’; see anrüchig, berüchtigt, and Gerücht.

Ruck, m., ‘jerk, tug,’ from MidHG. ruc (gen. ruckes), OHG. ruc (gen. rucches), m., ‘sudden motion, jerk.’—

rücken, vb., ‘to jerk,’ from MidHG. rücken, OHG. rucchen, ‘to push along’; Goth. *rukki, m., ‘jolt,’ and *rukkjan, ‘to jerk,’ are wanting; comp. OIc. rykkja, ‘to jerk,’ and rykkr, m., ‘jolt,’ AS. roccian, ‘to jerk,’ E. to rock.

rucken, vb., ‘to coo’ (of pigeons), allied to MidHG. ruckezen, ‘to coo,’ and rucku, interj., ‘coo!’ (of pigeons); onomat. forms.

Rücken, im., ‘back, rear, ridge,’ from the equiv. MidHG. rücke, OHG. rucki, earlier hrukki, m. (Goth. *hrugja- is to be assumed); comp. the equiv. OSax. hruggi, Du. rug, AS. hrycg, E. ridge, OIc. hryggr. Gr. ῥάχις, ‘back,’ is not allied, because krakjó- is the OAryan form for Rücken. It is more probably related to OIr. crocen, ‘skin, back,’ and the Sans. root kruñc, ‘to bend,’ so Rücken may have been named from its flexibility. See zurück.—

Rückgrat, ‘spine’; see Grat.—

rücken, vb.; see Ruck.

Rüde, m., ‘hound,’ from MidHG. rüde, m., ‘big hound,’ OHG. rudo, hrudeo; OHG. *rutto (comp. ModHG. dial. Rütte) is by chance not recorded, but it may be assumed from the equiv. AS. ryÞÞa, hryþþa, m. Their origin is not certain, espec. as it cannot be determined whether the initial h of the AS. word is permanent; we have probably to assume Goth. *ruÞja, m. Akin to AS. roðhund?.

Rudel, n., ‘flock, herd, troop,’ ModHG. only, of uncertain etymology, perhaps a dimin. of Rotte, ‘host’ (comp. MidHG. rode with rotte). OIc. riðull, ‘small detachment of soldiers,’ can scarcely prove the genuine G. origin of Rudel, since it probably belongs to riða, ‘to ride.’ The Kinship of Rudel with Goth. wriþus, ‘herd,’ is also uncertain.

Ruder, n,‘oar, rudder,’ from the equiv. MidHG. ruoder, OHG. ruodar, n.; corresponding to the equiv. Du. roer, AS. rôþer, E. rudder (Goth. *rôþr, n., ‘oar,’ is by chance not recorded); in OIc. with a different suffix rœðe, n., ‘oar,’ while róðr, m., signifies ‘rowing.’ Goth. *rô-þra-, ‘oar,’ belongs to AS. rôwan, str. vb., E. to row, OIc. róa, Du. roeijen, MidHG. rüejen, ruon, all of which signify ‘to row.’ The Teut.