Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/321

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‘rape, seduction,’ OFris. skâk, ‘booty, robbery,’ AS. sčeâcêre, ‘robber'; Goth. *skêka, ‘robbery,’ is wanting. The Teut. cognates passed into Rom.; comp. OFr. échec, ‘robbery.’ Other terms related to the Teut. cognates are not found in the Aryan languages.

schachern, vb., ‘to chaffer, haggle,’ ModHG. only, allied to Hebr. suchar, ‘gain.’

Schacht (1.), m., ‘shaft’ (of a pit), from the equiv. MidHG. schaht, m.; prop. the LG. form of Schaft. See the following word.

Schacht (2.), m., ‘square rood,’ ModHG. only, from the equiv. LG. schacht, which is identical with HG. Schaft. —

Schachtelhalm, m., ‘shave-grass,’ likewise from LG., for the MidHG. equiv. term is schaftel, n., a dimin. of the MidHG. word for Schaft.

Schachtel, f., ‘box, bandbox,’ from the equiv. late MidHG. schahtel, f., which, with its equally late variant schatel, is borrowed from Ital. scatola, ‘bandbox, box.’ The change of the simple t into cht in MidHG. and ModHG. has not yet been explained; comp., however, MidHG. schahtelân and schatelan for kastelân. — Schatulle is a recent loan-word with the same signification. Schachtel, ‘old woman,’ occurs even in late MidHG., in which schahtel also means ‘feminal.’ The latter looks a LG. loan-word for HG. schaftel, from Schaft.

Schade, n., ‘damage, harm, injury,’ from MidHG. schade, OHG. scado, m., ‘damage, destruction, disadvantage’; corresponding to the equiv. Du. schade OIc. skaðe, m. Further OIc. skaðe, OHG. scado, OSax. scaðo, AS. sčęaþa, m., ‘robber, foe,’ allied to Goth. skaþjan, ‘to injure, act unjustly,’ AS. sčęþþan, ‘to injure,’ OHG. scadôn, MidHG. and ModHG. schaden. An Aryan root skā̆́th, corresponding to the Teut. root skaþ, appears in Gr. ἀσκηθής, ‘unscathed.’

Schädel, m., ‘skull,’ from MidHG. schědel, m., ‘skull,’ and also ‘a dry measure’; ullied to Du. schedel, m.; unknown to the other OTeut. dials. (in OHG. gëbal, ‘skull,’ like Gr. κεφαλή; see Giebel). Its connection with Scheitel is conceivable.

Schaf, n., ‘sheep,’ from the equiv. MidHG. schâf, OHG. scâf, n.; common to West Teut. in the same sense; comp. OSax. scâp, n., Du. schaap, n., AS. sčęâp, n., E. sheep; in Goth. lamb (see Lamm), OIc. fœ́r, f., ‘sheep,’ whence Fœ́r-eyjar, ‘the Faroe Isles’ (lit. ‘sheep isles’). Teut.

skêpo- (for *skêqo-) corresponds perhaps to Sans. châga, ‘he-goat.’ Yet Aryan owis, by inference from Lat. ovis, Gr. ὄϝις, Sans. ávis, and Lith. avìs (OSlov. ovĭca), was the oldest term which is preserved in OTeut. and a few ModTeut. dials.; comp. Goth. awistr, ‘sheepfold,’ *aweiþi, ‘flock of sheep,’ OHG. ou, OLG. ęwi, AS. eowu, and E. ewe (to which to yean from ge-eánian is allied?). —

Schäfchen, in the phrase sein Schäfchen ins Trockene bringen, ‘to feather one's nest,’ is usually explained as a corruption of LG. schepken, ‘barque.’ Perhaps it is, however, an ironical application of a passage in the parable of the Good Shepherd.

Schaff, n., ‘vessel,’ UpG.; see Scheffel.

schaffen, vb., ‘to create, procure, obtain, bring,’ from MidHG. schaffen, OHG. scaffan, ‘to create, effect, arrange, do, make.’ Also in a similar sense OHG. scępfen, skęffen, Goth. gaskapjan, AS. sčyppan, OSax. scęppian and Goth. *skapôn, OHG. scaffôn, MidHG. schaffen. These imply a root skap peculiar to Teut., the connection of which with schaben is not quite certain; see also schöpfen. OTeut. had a number of substant. derivatives from the same root, such as ModHG. Schöpfung, Geschöpf, and E. shape; see the following word and Schöffe.

Schaffner, m., ‘purveyor, steward, manager,’ from the equiv. MidHG. schaffenœre, m., of which the equiv. variant schaffœre occurs; allied to schaffen; see also Schöffe.

Schafott, n., ‘scaffold,’ ModHG. only, from Fr. echafaut, earlier chafaut, through the medium of Du. schavot?.

Schaft (1.), m., ‘shaft, handle, trunk, stalk,’ from MidHG. schaft, OHG. scaft, m., ‘shaft, spear, lance’; comp. OSax. skaft, m., ‘spear,’ Du. schacht, m., ‘quill, shaft of a lance,’ AS. sčęaft, E. shaft, OIc. skapt, n., ‘pole, spear’; Goth. *skafta- is by chance not recorded. These substant. cognates can scarcely be related to schaffen, they are connected rather with schaben (lit. ‘that which has been scraped or made smooth’?). It is most closely allied to Gr. σκῆπτρον, ‘staff,’ akin to Dor. (Pindar) σκᾶπτον, σκήπων, ‘staff’; further Lat. scâpus, ‘shaft’; hence OAryan skā̆p-, ‘shaft.’

Schaft (2.), m., ‘shelves, bookcase, ModHG. only; from MidHG. schaf, ‘vessel for containing liquids’?. For the latter see Scheffel.

Schakal, m., ‘jackal,’ ModHG. only,