Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/369

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word, adopted as a literary term in the last century), which is wanting in MidHG. and OHG. For the early history of stauen and staunen the older periods give no further clue, yet comp. root stū̆, ‘to look fixedly,’ under Staude.

Staupe, f., ‘rod, scourge,’ from MidHG. (MidG.) stûpe, ‘post to which a criminal is bound and beaten with rods’; hence stäupen, ‘to flog, scourge,’ which occurs in ModHG. only. Corresponding to OFris. stûpa, ‘public chastisement with the rod.’ Early history obscure.

stechen, vb., ‘to prick, stab, engrave,’ from the equiv. MidHG. stëchen, OHG. stëhhan, str. vb. From this strong verbal root stek, which is preserved in MidEur. Teut. (OSax. stëkan, Du. steken, OFris. steka); comp. sticken, Stecken, and Stichel. By passing from the i class into the e class this root (comp. bitten) originated in an older form stik, pre-Teut. stig, which has a variant tig, ‘to be sharp,’ in the non-Teut. languages. Comp. Sans. tij, ‘to be sharp, sharpen’ (tigmá, ‘pointed, sharp’), Gr. στίγμα, ‘prick, point,’ from στέζω, ‘to mark with a pointed instrument, prick,’ Lat. instîgare, ‘to goad on, incite.’ Whether these are connected further with a prehistoric root stik, stink (see Stange), is uncertain. —

Stecken, m., ‘stick, staff,’ from the equiv. MidHG. stëcke (stëche), OHG. stëccho (stëhho) m. Corresponding to AS. sticca, E. stick; lit. perhaps ‘pricker,’ like Stange, allied to E. sting. —

ModHG. stecken, wk. vb., ‘to stick, fix, put, place, conceal,’ from MidHG. and OHG. stecken, ‘to fasten by sticking, fix firmly,’ lit. ‘to make something stick’; a recent factitive of stechen (properly *stakjan for *staikjan, from the root stik). From the intransit. meaning of MidHG. stecken, ‘to remain fast,’ is derived the equiv. ModHG. stecken, str. vb., ‘to stick, remain fast, be fixed.’ The Rom. cognates, Ital. stecco, ‘thorn,’ stecca, ‘staff,’ Fr. etiquette, ‘ticket’ (on goods, &c.), are based on derivatives of the Teut. root stik, stëk.

Steg, m., ‘path, narrow wooden bridge,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. stëc (gen. stëges), m.; allied to steigen; also dialectically Stege, f., equiv. to Stiege, ‘stair.’ —

ModHG. Stegreif, m., ‘stirrup,’ from the equiv. MidHG. stëgreif, OHG. stëgareif. An OTeut. term, as is shown by the correspondence between HG. and AS. stigerâp, E. stirrup, OIc. stigreip; lit. ‘rope, ring for mounting a horse’ (the term Steigbügel,

‘stirrup,’ equiv. to Du. stijgbeugel, is unknown to MidHG. and OHG. See, however, Bügel).

stehen, vb., ‘to stand, remain,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. stên, str. vb.; besides the root stai, which may be deduced from this verb, MidHG. and OHG. stân indicates another root. The form of this root stai (stâ) was extended to stand (staþ), from which most of the dialects form the pres. stem; comp. Goth. standan, AS. standan, E. to stand (E. to stay is derived from Rom.; comp. OFr. estaier), OHG. stantan, MidHG. (rarely) standen. The pres. stem was, in the Teut. group, formed from the root stand while the substant. derivatives were chiefly based on the Aryan root stā̆ (comp. Stadt, Statt, stetig). This recurs (as in the case of kommen, gehen, sitzen) in all the Aryan languages in the same sense. Comp. Sans. sthâ, Gr. ἱ τάναι, Lat. stâre, OSlov. stati, ‘to stand.’

stehlen, vb., ‘to steal,’ from the equiv. MidHG. stëln, OHG. stëlan; a common Teut. str. vb. Comp. Goth. stilan, OIc. stela, AS. stëlan, E. to steal (to which stealth is allied), Du. stelen, OSax. stëlan, ‘to steal.’ The root is confined to Teut., and corresponds only partly to Gr. στερίσκω, ‘to rob’; perhaps the Teut. l instead of the Gr. r is due to hehlen (on account of the frequent combination of hehlen and stehlen). À vb. corresponding to the Gr. κλέπτω, ‘to steal,’ is preserved in Goth. (comp. Goth. hlifan, ‘to steal’).

steif, adj., ‘stiff, rigid, pedantic, formal,’ from MidHG. stîf, ‘stiff, fixed, upright, brave, stately’; probably a MidG. and LG. word. Comp. Du. stijf, AS. stîf (E. stiff), OIc. stîfr, ‘fixed, stiff.’ The Teut. root stîf, in these cognates, occurs in the non-Teut. languages as stîp; Lat. stîpes. ‘stake, stick,’ Lith. stiprùs, ‘strong, firm,’ stìpti, ‘to become stiff.’ Comp. also Stift.

Steig, m., ‘path, footway,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. stîc (gen. stîges), m.; allied to steigen, ‘to mount,’ which is based on the equiv. MidHG. stîgen, OHG. stîgan, str. vb. The vb. is common to Teut. in the same sense; comp. OSax. stîgan, Du. stijgen, AS. stîgan (E. to sty), Goth. steigan. The Teut. root stī̆g (comp. also Steg, steil) corresponds to the widely-diffused Aryan root stī̆gh, ‘to step, stride,’ which appears in Sans. (rare) stigh, ‘to step, stride,’ Gr. στείχω, ‘to go,’ Lat. vestigium, ‘track, trace,’ OSlov. stignąti, ‘to hasten’; hence the