Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/374

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are allied North Fris. stiaren, and with gradation AS. styrian, E. to stir, but hardly the cognates of streuen. The early history is obscure.

Storren, m., ‘stump of a tree,’ from the equiv. MidHG. storre, OHG. storro, m., which is connected with OHG. storrên, MidHG. storren, ‘to stand out, project’ (Goth. andstaúrran, ‘to grumble, murmur’; root star, see starr. To this is allied störrig, adv., ‘stubbornly, obstinately,’ ModHG. only; lit. ‘clod-like, of the nature of a clod.’

stoßen, vb., ‘to push, thrust,’ from the e MidHG. stôȥen, OHG. stôȥan, str. vb., corresponding to Goth. stautan, OSax. stôtan, Du. stooten. The common Teut. strong verbal root staut corresponds in non-Teut. to an Aryan root tud, by gradation taud, which appears in Lat. tundo, ‘to beat, bruise, stun’ (Lat. tudes, ‘hammer’), and the Sans. root tud, ‘to push, thrust’; for Teut. st, equiv. to Aryan t, comp. Stier and Storch. See the following word.

stottern, vb., ‘to stutter, stammer,’ ModHG. only (in Swab. gaksen, Austr. štückezen), formed from MidG. and LG., in which stotteren (so too in Du.) is an intensive of stoten, ‘to push, thrust’ (stottern, lit. ‘to stumble repeatedly’); corresponding to E. to stutter. See the preceding word.

Stotz, m., ‘stump of a tree,’ ModHG. only; early history obscure.

strack, adj., ‘extended, direct, tense,’ from MidHG. strac (ck), ‘straight, tight,’ to which ModHG. stracks, adv., ‘straightway, immediately,’ from MidHG. strackes, is allied; so too ModHG. strecken, ‘to stretch, extend.’

Strafe, f., ‘punishment, penalty, fine,’ from the equiv. MidHG. (rare), strâfe, f.; OHG. *strâfa, f., is, like the verb corresponding to ModHG. and MidHG. strâfen, ‘to punish,’ not recorded. The cognates are specifically HG. (whence Du. straf), and are wanting in the other Teut. dialects. The late appearance of the word does not prove that it was borrowed. The history of the cognates is obscure.

straff, adj., ‘stretched, tense, tight,’ from MidHG. (rare) straf(ff), ‘tense, strict’; probably a LG. word corresponding to Du. straf. Its early history is, however, obscure. It has been supposed that Ital. strappare, ‘to tear out,’ is borrowed from Teut. by assuming a root strap, ‘to draw’; hence straff, lit. ‘drawn tight’?.

Strahl, m., ‘ray, beam,’ from MidHG.

strâl, strâle, m. and f., OHG. strâla, f., ‘arrow, flash of lightning’ (OHG. donerstrâla, ‘flash of lighting’); corresponding to Du. straal, AS. strœ̂l, ‘arrow.’ These West Teut. cognates (whence Ital. strale, ‘arrow’) are closely connected with OSlov. strěla, ‘arrow’ (whence Russ. strěla, ‘arrow,’ hence Strelitze lit. ‘marksman, archer’). To these are allied strahlen, ‘to beam, radiate’ (occurring in ModHG only), and also the following word.

Strähle, f., ‘comb,’ from the equiv. MidHG. strœl, m., to which ModHG. and MidHG. strœlen, ‘to comb,’ is allied; the equiv. OHG. vb. strâlen (*strâllen, *stralian) presumes also for OHG. a subst. strâl, meaning ‘comb.’ It is not improbable that the separate teeth of the comb were regarded as arrows, rays.

Strähne, f., ‘skein, hank,’ from the equiv. MidHG. strën, strëne, OHG. strëno, m., corresponding to MidDu. strene, Du. streen. Its connection with the preceding word is uncertain.

stramm, adj., ‘dense, vigorous, huge.’ ModHG. only, a LG. word; corresponding to Du. stram, North Fris. striam, ‘bolt upright.’

strampeln, vb. ‘to kick, struggle,’ ModHG. only, orig. a LG. word; comp. Du. strompelen, ‘to stumble, stagger.’ Its early history is obscure.

Strand, m., ‘strand, beach,’ from late MidHG. (MidG.) strant (d), m., adopted as a literary term from LG.; comp. Du. strand, AS. strand, E. strand, OIc. strǫnd. These cognates, from which OFr. étrain is borrowed, cannot be traced farther back. To this is allied the ModHG. stranden, equiv. to Du. stranden, E. to strand. Comp. Ufer.

Strang, m., ‘rope, string, halter, trace,’ from MidHG. stranc, strange, m. and f., OHG. strang, m., ‘string, rope’; comp. Du. streng, AS. stręng, E. string, OIc. strengr, ‘string, strap.’ This Teut. strangi- seems to be the adj. streng (lit. ‘strong’), used as a subst. Yet Strang, like Gr. στραγγάλη, ‘string,’ and Lat. stringere, ‘to draw tight,’ might be connected with an Aryan root strenk (streng), ‘to turn.’

Straße, f., ‘street, road,’ from the equiv. MidHG. strâȥe, f., OHG. strâȥa, f.; a common West Teut. term; comp. Du. straat, AS. strœ̂t, E. street, OSwed. strata, ‘road,’ ModSwed. stråt (OIc. strœ́ti and OSwed. strœti are derived from OE.). The form strâta, ‘street,’ was borrowed in the 1st cent.