Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/379

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points being also unknown. The loss of the n in Süden (MidHG. sunden. OHG. sundan) points to the adoption of the word from LG. The primit. Teut. stem sunþ-, ‘south,’ is also assumed by OIc. sunnan, AS. sûðan, ‘from the south,’ AS. sûð, Du. zuid, OSax. sûth, ‘south.’ The term sunþ-, ‘south,’ is as specifically Teut. as Norden and Westen. Whether sunþ- is derived from sun-, in Goth. sun-nô, ‘sun,’ and means lit. ‘sun-side,’ is not certain (yet note Osten as ‘dawn-side’).

Sühne, f., ‘atonement, expiation, reconciliation,’ from MidHG. (rare) süene (mostly suone), f., ‘atonement, reconciliation, sentence,’ OHG. suona, f., ‘sentence, court, reconciliation.’ To this is allied ModHG. sühnen, vb., ‘to atone for, expiate, conciliate,’ from MidHG. süenen, OHG. suonen, ‘to conciliate, reconcile, equalise’ (OHG. ‘to judge’). OHG. suona, ‘court,’ and OIc. són, ‘sacrifice,’ appear to be connected with a root sā̆n, ‘to set up,’ from which Lat. sânus, ‘healthy,’ and ModHG. gesund may have been derived. Deriv. versöhnen, ‘to reconcile.’

Sulze, Sülze, f., ‘pickle, brine, pickled or salted meat,’ from MidHG. sulze, sülze, OHG. sulza (from *sultja), f., ‘salt water, pickled sausage,’ comp. OSax. sultia, ‘salt water,’ Du. zult, ‘pickled meat’; undoubtedly a graded form of Salz. From the Teut. word is derived Ital. solcio, ‘preserve, pickles.’

summen, vb., ‘to hum,’ from the equiv. late MidHG. summen, wk. vb.; an onomatopoetic form.

Sumpf, m., ‘swamp, bog, marsh,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sumpf (wanting in OHG., in which sumft is used). Corresponding to Du. somp, and with an old gradation E. swamp (dial. sump). OHG. giswumft and Goth. swumfel, ‘pond,’ are differently derived. Its connection with schwimmen (Sumpf, ‘porous soil’?) is very dubious; it is preferable to connect it with OIc. svǫppr, ‘sponge.’ The Teut. root was probably swemp; E. dial. swanky, ‘marshy,’ may point to an orig. swenq.

Sund, m., ‘sound, strait,’ early ModHG. only, a MidG. and LG. word; comp. AS. sund, E. sound, OIc. sund, ‘sea, strait.’ The connection with Goth. sundrô, ‘separated’ (see sonders), is open to objection on account of the meaning (Sund, lit. ‘division between countries and islands’?). It is preferable to link it with AS. and OIc.

sund, n., ‘swimming,’ which is an abstract of schwimmen (sunda- for swm-tó-, allied to the root swem); by this assumption Sund is regarded as ‘the place where one can swim.’

Sünde, f., ‘sin, offence,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sünde, OHG. suntu, suntea (base *sundî), f. Corresponding to OLG. sundia, Du. zonde; the equiv. AS. synn (E. sin) is based on the primary form *sunjô for *sundjô; OIc. synð also points to a Goth. *sunidi. Pre-Teut. swntiâ-, swenetiâ-, belong to a pre-Teut. root swen, sun, which, with a dental suffix, appear also in Gr. ἄτη, ‘guilt, damage,’ Lat. sons, ‘guilty,’ sonticus, ‘injurious.’

Sündflut, f., ‘the Flood,’ is an early ModHG. corruption of the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. sin-vluot, which means lit. ‘great universal overflow.’ The term sin-, which appears only in OTeut. compounds, signifies ‘general, constantly, always’ (comp. Singrün, ‘periwinkle’), in Goth. sinteins, ‘daily, everlasting,’ AS. symble, OSax. and OHG. simblum, ‘always.’ Comp. Lat. sem-per, ‘always.’

Suppe, f., ‘soup, broth’; late MidHG. suppe (soppe), f., ‘broth, sauce, soup’; properly a MG. and LG. word, the pp of which would be represented by pf in genuine HG. Allied to the root sū̆p, ‘to drink’; comp. MidHG. supfen, ‘to sip, drink’ (Du. soppen, E. to sop) and saufen. Comp. Du. sop and soep. The LG. word passed into Romance; comp. Ital. zuppa, ‘wine soup,’ Span. sopa, Fr. soupe, whence the equiv. E. soup (OFr. souppe, ‘sop’).

surren, wk. vb., ‘to hum, buzz,’ ModHG. only, an imitative word.

süß, adj., ‘sweet,’ from the equiv. MidHG. süeȥe, adj. (also suoȥe, swuoȥe, adv.), OHG. suoȥi (swuoȥi), adj., a common Teut. term, occurring also in the other Aryan languages. Comp. OSax. swôti, Du. zoet, AS. swête, E. sweet, OIc. sœ́tr, Goth. *swôtus (for which sū̆ts is found), ‘sweet.’ The Teut. swôt-u, from Aryan swâd-ú, is based on an Aryan root swā̆d; comp. Sans. svad, ‘sweet, delicious,’ and the root svad, ‘to taste nice’ (svâd, ‘to be rejoiced’), Gr. ἡδύς, ‘sweet,’ and ἥδομαι, ‘I rejoice’ (ἡδονή, ‘pleasure,’ ἁνδάνω, ‘to please’), Lat. suâvis for *suâdvis, ‘sweet’ (also suâdere, ‘to advise,’ lit. ‘to make tasty, pleasant’?). In the Teut. group, AS. swătan, Scotch swats, ‘beer,’ may be allied; on the other hand, the primary verb corresponding to