Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/378

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stumpf, adj., see the preceding word.

Stunde, f., ‘hour, time, league,’ from MidHG. stunde, OHG. stunta, f., ‘time, period of time’ (the ModHG. signification ‘hora’ first occurs in late MidHG., the primary meaning was ‘undefined period’). Corresponding to OSax. stunda, AS. stund, E. dial. stound, OIc. stund, ‘space of time’; Du. stond, ‘moment.’ The pre-historic connections of the word (perchance with Stand, gestanden; hence Stunde, ‘rest, repose’?) are uncertain.

stupfen, vb., ‘to poke, push,’ from MidHG. and OHG. stupfen (stüpfen). See under stopfen.

sturen, vb., ‘to stare at,’ ModHG. only. A graded form, from starr.

Sturm, m., ‘storm, tumult,’ from MidHG. and OHG. sturm, m., ‘tempest, fight’; comp. Du. storm, AS. and E. storm, and the equiv. OIc. stormr. From the common Teut. storm (sturm) are derived the Romance cognates, Ital. stormo, ‘concourse, encounter, quarrel,’ which proves the primitive use of the word in the figurative sense of ‘fight’ (E. stour is based on the corresponding OFr. estour). The Teut. root stur is a relic of the Aryan root ser (sṛ from stur?), to which Gr. ὁρμή, ‘attack, impact,’ Sans. root sṛ, ‘to stream, hasten,’ belong (for str from sr, see Schwester and Strom). Others prefer to regard the word as primitively cognate with Lat. sternere, ‘to throw down.’

stürzen, vb., ‘to hurl, overturn, overthrow, sink, plunge,’ from MidHG. stürzen, OHG. sturzen (from *sturzjan, *sturtjan), wk. vb., ‘to hurl, sink, turn, cover by inverting’; corresponding to Du. storten. Allied probably to E. to start (to startle, from AS. steartlian). The early history of the Teut. root stert (to which Sterz is allied?) cannot be traced further back.

Stute, f., ‘mare,’ from MidHG. stuot, f., ‘breeding stud, mare’ (for the evolution of a collective meaning see Kamerad and Frauenzimmer), OHG. stuta, s., ‘drove of horses.’ Corresponding to AS. stôd, equiv. to E. stud, AS. stêda (E. steed), ‘stallion’; OIc. stóð, ‘stud, number of horses,’ and stedda (from *stœ́dda), f., ‘mare’; comp. also MidE. stott, ‘horse.’ ModHG. Gestüt, n., ‘stud,’ is a recent collective form. OSlov. stado, Lith. stodas, ‘drove of horses,’ are clearly related to the Teut. cognates, but they may with as good reason be regarded as loan-words; yet comp. Lith. stónè,

‘stable’ (for horses). The whole of the cognates are connected with the Aryan root stā̆, ‘to stand’ (OHG. stuota, lit. ‘stock’? ‘stable’?).

stutzen, vb., ‘to stop short, hesitate, be startled, to cut short,’ from late MidHG. stutzen, wk. vb., ‘to scare away’; allied to MidHG. stutz, ‘push, impact’ (Teut. root staut, see stoßen); comp. Du. stuiten, ‘to check, rebound.’ —

Stutzer, m., ‘fop, dandy,’ ModHG. only, lit. ‘one who wears gay clothes.’ — stutzig, adj., ‘curtailed, stubborn, startled,’ is also allied.

stützen, vb., ‘to prop, support,’ from the equiv. MidHG. (under-) stützen, OHG. (untar-)stuzzen; allied to MidHG. and ModHG. stütze. OHG. stuzzen, from *stutjan, points to a Teut. root stut, besides which OHG. studen, OIc. styðja, ‘to fix firmly, prop.’ and AS. stuðu, studu, ‘post’ (E. stud), presume a Teut. root stuþ (stud). The early history of the cognates is obscure.

suchen, vb., ‘to seek, search,’ from the equiv. MidHG. suochen (süechen), OHG. suohhan (suohhen); a common Teut. verb, properly strong. Comp. Goth. sôkjan, AS. sêcan, E. to seek (and to beseech), Du. zoeken, OSax. sôkian, ‘to seek.’ The strong verbal root sôk, from Aryan sâg, has primit. cognates in Gr. ἡγέομας ‘to lead,’ and especially in Lat. sâgire, ‘to trace out,’ and OIr. sáigim, ‘to seek.’ To these are allied the cognates of Sache.

Sucht, f., ‘sickness, disease,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. suht, f.; an abstract formation from Goth. siukan, str. vb., ‘to be ill’; see siech (and schwach?). Corresponding to Goth. sauhts, OIc. sótt (E. only sick), Du. zucht (and ziekte). The Germans often instinctively connect Sucht with suchen (hence Sucht nach etwas, ‘rage for something’).

suckeln, vb., ‘to suckle,’ ModHG. only, intensive of saugen.

Süd, see Süden.

sudeln, vb., ‘to splash, soil, daub,’ from late MidHG. sudelen, ‘to dirty’; lit. perhaps ‘to cook badly’ (MidHG. sudel, ‘keeper of a cookshop’); allied to sieden.

Süden, m., ‘south’; the strictly HG. form is Sund, which survives in the proper names Sundgau, Sundheim, &c.; comp. OHG. sundwint, ‘south wind,’ sundarwint (MidHG. sunderwint). Yet the simple form of the word became obsolete at an early period in UpG. (the term used being Mittag), the names of the other cardinal