Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/393

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Teut. entu-) is also indicated by AS. duguþ.

Tülle, f., ‘socket,’ MidHG. tülle, n., ‘ferule for fastening an iron point on a handle’ (usually ‘partition of boards, palisade’). OHG. has no corresponding form *tulli (Goth. *dulja-), which might be connected by gradation with ModHG. Thal (Tülle, lit. ‘deepening’). Others consider Fr. douille (from Lat. ductile, ‘channel’), ‘socket,’ as the ultimate source of MidHG. tülle. Fr. tuyau (E. tewel), Span. tudel, ‘pipe,’ are certainly not allied. The abnormal double sense of MidHG. tülle has not, however, been explained.

Tulpe, f., ‘tulip,’ earlier ModHG. Tulipan, from the equiv. Ital. tulipa, tulipano.

-tum, suffix, from MidHG. and OHG. -tuom; an abstract suffix, which has been formed in compounds from an independent word tuom, m. and n., ‘relation, rank, dignity, condition.’ This is an abstract form of ModHG. thun. Comp. the corresponding Eng. suffix -dom in kingdom. Eng. has preserved the independent word doom (AS. dôm), to which to deem (AS. dêman) is allied; comp. Sans. dhâman, ‘institution, sacred custom.’

Tümpel, m., ‘pool, deep part of a lake’; a MidG. form for MidHG. tümpfel, ‘deep place in flowing or standing water, pool, puddle,’ OHG. tumfilo, m., ‘whirlpool’ (whence the equiv. Ital. tonfano). A derivative of the nasalized root dup, ‘to be deep’ (see taufen, tief), which appears also in E. dimple, Du. dompelen, ‘to dive, plunge,’ dompelaar, ‘diver’ (bird). Pre-Teut. dhumb, ‘to be deep,’ is also assumed by Lith. dumbu, ‘to get hollow.’ Comp. also Topf.

tünchen, vb., ‘to whitewash, plaster,’ from the equiv. MidHG. tünchen, OHG. tunihhôn, mostly mit chalche tunihhôn. The additional expression in OHG. leads to the assumption that tunihhôn means lit. ‘to clothe,’ from OHG. tunihha, ‘dress’ (borrowed, like AS. tunuce, from Lat. tunica). The Germans still say eine Wand mit Tünche bekleiden, ‘to give a coat of limewash to a wall’ (comp. E. to coat and coat). With this agrees Ital. intonicare, ‘to plaster, rouge’ (intonico, intonicato, ‘plaster’). Note that Lat. tunica, Ital. tonica, also signifies ‘covering.’ The Lat.-Ital. word was borrowed at the beginning of the OHG. period;

had it been borrowed earlier it would have appeared as *zunihha in OHG. It cannot have been introduced much later than Fenster and Turm.

tunken, vb., ‘to dip, steep, soak,’ from MidHG. tunken, dunken, OHG. tunchôn, dunchôn, wk. vb., ‘to immerse.’ The OHG. variant thunkôn leads to a Goth. *þugkôn, which must be allied to Lat. tingere, ‘to moisten, dip,’ and to Gr. τέγγω, ‘to soften, moisten.’ Hence tunken cannot be connected with tauchen.

Tüpfel, m., ‘dot, iota’; diminut. of earlier ModHG. Tupf, m., which is based on topfe, OHG. topfo, ‘point.’ Goth. *duppa (*duppila) is wanting. Probably cognate with tief.

Turm (UpG. and Rhen. Turn), m., ‘tower, steeple,’ from the equiv. MidHG. turm, with the variant turn (torm, torn), m.; in OHG. only turra and turri, which correspond to the equiv. Lat. turris. The final m of the MidHG. word has not yet been explained, nor the n of ODu. turn, Du. toren, UpG. turn; AS. tûr, E. tower, with the variant AS. torr, ‘tower,’ also present a difficulty. Comp. further Fr. tour, Ital. torre, from Lat. turris.

turnen, vb., ‘to practise gymnastics,’ ModHG. only; no corresponding word is found in MidHG., which has only turnei, ‘tournament,’ turnieren, ‘to hold a tournament, tilt,’ borrowed from Fr. The ModHG. word is probably derived from Fr. tourner, ‘to turn, turn round.’

Turteltaube, f., ‘turtle-dove,’ from the equiv. MidHG. turteltûbe (türteltube), OHG. turtul-, turtil-tûba, f.; borrowed and corrupted in the OHG. period (in connection with the Biblical texts) from Lat. turtur, whence also Du. tortelduif, AS. and E. turtle. Comp. also Ital. tortora, Fr. tourtre, tourtereau.

Tusch, m., ‘flourish of trumpets’; interj., ‘hush! tush!’ ModHG only; a recent formation imitating a sound.

Tusche, f., ‘Indian-ink,’ ModHG. only; from Fr. toucher, ‘to paint, delineate, ink.’

tuten, vb., ‘to blow a horn,’ ModHG. only; a recent onomatopoetic word.

Tüttel, m., ‘dot,’ ModHG. only; entirely distinct from Titel. It is identical with MidHG. tüttel (tütelîn), n., ‘nipple, teat’: dimin. of the equiv. OHG. tutta, MidHG. tutte.

Twing, m., see zwingen.