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übel, adj., ‘evil, bad, wrong; sick,’ from MidHG. übel, OHG. ubil, ‘bad, wicked’; a common Teut. adj. corresponding to OSax. uƀil, Du. euvel. AS. yfel, E. evil, Goth. ubils, ‘bad.’ With these are connected OHG. uppi (from Teut. ubjo-), ‘vicious, malignant; villain,’ as well as the cognates of ModHG. üppig. The word has been supposed to be related to the prepos. über (Aryan upérî), so that Teut. uƀilo-, from upelo-, meant lit. ‘that which oversteps a limit or is contrary to rule.’ Nothing positive, however, can be asserted, since the word is specifically Teut.; or is OIr. uall, ‘pride,’ cognate?. üben, vb., ‘to practise, exercise,’ from MidHG. üeben, OHG. uoben (from *ôbjan), wk. vb., ‘to set agoing, execute, venerate,’ corresponding to OSax. ôƀian, ‘to celebrate,’ Du. oefenen, ‘to exercise, look after,’ Ofc. œ́fa, ‘to practise.’ Allied to OHG. uoba, ‘celebration,’ uobo, ‘tiller of the soil.’ The Teut. root ôb, ‘to execute,’ contained in these cognates, seems to have been originally used of tilling the ground and of religious acts. To this corresponds, according to the permutation of consonants, the Aryan root ō̆p, with which are allied Sans. ā̆pas, n., ‘work’ (espec. religions work), and Lat. ŏpus, n., ‘work’ (connected with ŏperari, espec., ‘to sacrifice’). über, prepos. and adv., ‘over, above,’ from the equiv. MidHG. über; OHG. ûbir, ubar, is a prepos. with the adverb. form ubiri. Corresponding to OSax. oƀar, Du. and E. over, AS. ofer, OIc. yfer, Goth. ufar, ‘over.’ This common Teut. word is based on an equiv. Aryan upéri, which appears in Sans. upari, Gr. ὑπέρ (ὑπείρ), Lat. super. With these are connected the prepos. auf, and ob (ober). Comp. also übel. Überdruß, see verdrießen. — überflüssig, adj., ‘superfluous,’ from MidHG. übervlüȥȥec, ‘overflowlng, superabundant, remaining.’ — überhaupt, adv., ‘in general, on the whole,’ from late MidHG. über houbet, ‘without counting the pieces, whole, all’ (properly only of buying goods; MidHG. houbet is frequently used to designate a number of men or beasts). überwinden, vb., ‘to wind over; overcome, conquer,’ from MidHG. überwinden, OHG. ubarwintan, str. vb., ‘to excel, over- |
power, conquer’; also with an equiv. meaning MidHG. überwinnen, OHG. ubarwinnan. While the simple OHG. vb. wintan means ‘to turn, turn round,’ OHG. winnan (comp. AS. oferwinnan) has the signification ‘to contend, quarrel’ (comp. gewinnen), which appears in the compound. The t, winch properly belongs only to the present stem in this sense, is the samne as in OHG. stantan, swintan (see stehen, schwinden).
übrig, adj., ‘lest over, remaining,’ from MidHG. überic (g), ‘left over, excessive, exaggerated, superfluous’; a MidHG. derivative of über. Ufer, n., ‘shore, bank (of a river),’ a MidG. and LG. word (adopted like Boot, Strand, &c., in the written language), from the equiv. MidHG. uover, n. OHG. *uofar (Goth. *ôfr?) is wanting; nor is the word known even now to the UpG. dialects. Comp. MidLG. ôver, Du. oever, AS. ôfer (obsolete in E.; yet Windsor is equiv. to AS. Windles ôfer, ‘the bank of the Windel’). West Teut. ôfor has been considered, probably without reason, a cognate of Sans. ap, ‘water’ (for the evolution of meaning comp. Au), and Lat. amnis (for *apnis?), ‘river.’ UpG. (Bav.) urvar, ‘haven, landing-place, bank,’ of the MidHG. period, points rather to a Goth. *us-far, ‘haven’; Goth.-Teut. uz appears in some West Teut. dialects as ô (OHG. uo). Hence Ufer is lit. ‘departure, setting out’?. Uhr, f., ‘clock, watch, hour,’ ModHG. only, from LG. ûr, ‘clock, hour’ (even in the MidHG. period LRhen. ûr meant ‘hour’); corresponding to Du. uur, E. hour. Based on Lat. hôra (comp. Fr. heure, Ital. ora). Uhu, m., ‘horned owl,’ ModHG. only, a recent onomatopoetic word, which was connected with MidHG. hûwe, OHG. hûwo, OLG. hûo, ‘owl.’ ulken, vb., ‘to lark,’ ModHG. only; allied to LRhen. ulk, ‘bulb’?. Comp. Du. ui, ‘onion, joke.’ Ulme, f., ‘elm,’ from MidHG. (rare) ulmboum, for which MidHG. and OHG. ëlmboum, m., is most frequently found. While ulm- is adopted from Lat. ulmus, the equiv. OHG. and MidHG. ëlm- is related prehistorically, by gradation, with Lat. ulmus; so too OIc. almr, E. elm. With the pre- |
