Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/426

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zoubar (zoufar), m., ‘magic, charm, spell’; comp. Du. tooveren, ‘to enchant,’ OIc. taufr, n., ‘magic.’ For the meaning, the corresponding AS. teáfor, ‘vermilion,’ is important; hence Zauber is perhaps lit. ‘illusion by means of colour’; others suppose that the runes were marked with vermilion, so that Zauber would mean lit. ‘secret or magic writing.’ No cognates of the specifically Teut. taufro-, taubro- (Aryan root dū̆p, not dū̆bh), have been found.

zaudern, vb., ‘to hesitate, delay, procrastinate,’ allied to MidHG. (MidG.) zûwen (*zûwern), wk. vb., ‘to draw,’ which seems like zögern, to be connected with ziehen.

Zaum, m., ‘bridle, rein,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. zoum, m.; corresponding to OSax. tôm, Du. toom, OIc. taumr, ‘bridle, rein.’ The meaning makes it probable that the word is derived from the Teut. root tug, tuh, ‘to draw’ (taumo- for *taugmo-, Aryan doukmo-; comp. Traum); hence Zaum is lit. ‘drawing strap.’

Zaun, m., ‘hedge, fence,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zûn, m.; comp. OSax. tûn, Du. tuin, ‘hedge, garden,’ AS. tûn, ‘enclosure, place,’ E. town (also dial. to tine, ‘to hedge in,’ from the equiv. AS. tŷnan), OIc. tún, ‘enclosure, farm.’ Teut. tû-no- (tû-nu-?) is connected pre-historically with -dûman in OKelt. names of places (such as Augustodûnum, Lugdûnum); comp. OIr. dún, ‘citadel, town.’ —

Zaunkönig, m., ‘wren,’ in MidHG. merely küniclîn, OHG. chuninglî, n., ‘little king.’

zausen, vb., ‘to tease (wool, &c.), tug, pull about,’ from MidHG. and OHG. erzûsen, OHG. zirzûsôn, wk. vb.; comp. MidHG. zûsach, ‘brambles.’ Apart from HG. the Teut. root tū̆s (Aryan dū̆s), ‘to tear to pieces,’ does not occur; the comparison with Lat. dûmus (from *dū̆smus?), ‘bramble,’ is uncertain.

Zeche, f., ‘rotation (of duties), succession, hotel bill, share in a reckoning (at an inn), drinking party (each paying a share), corporation, guild, club,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zëche, f. (which also means arrangement, association); also in MidHG. zëchen (OHG. *zëhhôn), wk. vb., ‘to arrange, prepare, bring about,’ also (late), ‘to run up a score at an inn.’ In OHG. only the word gizëhôn, ‘to arrange, regulate,’ from this stem is found; comp. the allied AS. teohhian and teógan (from *tëhhôn, tëhwôn, tëhôn), ‘to arrange, determine, regulate,’ and teoh (hh), ‘company, troop.’ A Teut. root

tē̆hw, tē̆gw (tē̆w), is indicated by Goth. gatêwjan, ‘to ordain,’ têwa, ‘order,’ têwi, ‘troop of fifty men.’ These imply a pre-Teut. root dē̆g, ‘to arrange, regulate’ (to which Gr. δεῖπνον, ‘meal,’ for deqnjom?, is allied). The numerous senses in MidHG. may be easily deduced from the primary meaning.

Zecke, f., ‘tick,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zëcke, m. and f.; corresponding to Du. teekt, AS. *tîca (ticia is misspelt for tiica), E. tike, tick. From the old West Teut. tī̆ko, tikko, are derived the equiv. Ital. zecca, Fr. tique. Aryan digh- is indicated by Armen. tiz, ‘tick,’ which is probably primit. allied to the Teut. cognates.

Zeder, f., ‘cedar,’ from MidHG. zëder (cêder), m.; from Gr.-Lat. cedrus (OHG. cêdarboum).

Zeh, m. and f., ‘toe,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zéhe, OHG. zéha, f.; corresponding to Du. teen, AS. tâhœ, tâ, E. toe, and the equiv. OIc. tá. Beside the base taihôn, taihwôn (Bav. zéchen and Swab. zaichen), assumed by these forms, MidHG. and LG. dialects prove the existence of a variant taiwón (from taigwôn, taihwôn); Swiss and MidRhen. zêb, zêbe, Franc. and Henneberg. zêwe, Thuring. zîwe. Pre-Teut. daiqâ-n, ‘toe,’ is usually connected with Gr. δάκτυλος (Lat. digitus?) ‘finger,’ which, on account of the sounds, is, however, improbable, especially as the Teut. word is always used in the sense of ‘toe.’

zehn, num., ‘ten,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zëhen, (zên), OHG. zëhan; corresponding to OSax. tëhan, Du. tien, AS. tŷn, E. ten, Goth. taíhun; common to Aryan in the form dekn; comp. Sans. dăçan, Gr. δέκα, Lat. decem, and OSlov. desętĭ. —

zehnte, adj., ‘tenth,’ from MidHG. zëhende (zênde), OHG. zëhando; as subst. ‘a tenth, tithe.’ —

Zehntel, see Teil. Comp. also -zig.

zehren, vb., ‘to eat and drink, live, waste,’ from MidHG. zęrn, (verzęrn), ‘to consume, use up’; OHG. firzëran, str. vb., means only ‘to dissolve, destroy, tear’ (comp. Winzer). Corresponding to Goth. gataíran, ‘to destroy, annihilate,’ AS. tëran, E. to tear; allied to Du. teren, ‘to consume,’ OSax. fartęrian, ‘to annihilate,’ and also to ModHG. zerren and zergen. The Teut. str. verbal root ter, ‘to tear,’ corresponds to Gr. δέρειν, ‘to flay,’ OSlov. derą, ‘to tear,’ and the Sans. root dar, ‘to burst, fly in pieces or asunder.’

Zeichen, n., ‘sign, mark, token, signal,