Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/433

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from the Arabs, who cultivated the sugarcane in Spain. Comp. further Lat. saccharum, Gr. σάκχαρ, σάκχαρον, Pers. schakar, Sans. çarkarâ, ‘granulated sugar,’ Prakrit sakkara. The primit. source of the word is probably India.

Zuckerkand, m., ‘sugar-candy,’ ModHG. only, from Fr. sucre candi, Ital. zucchero candito, ‘crystallised sugar, sugar-candy,’ which is derived from Arab. qand; the ultimate source of the word is Indian khand, ‘piece.’

zuerst, adv., ‘at first, firstly, in the first place,’ from the equiv. MidHG. ze êrest, zêrest, OHG. zi êrist, zêrist, ‘at first, for the first time’; comp. erst.

Zufall, m., ‘chance, incident, occurrence, accident,’ from late MidHG. zuoval, m., ‘accident, what happens to a person, receipts’; allied to fallen.

zufrieden, adv. and adj., ‘contented, satisfied,’ ModHG. only; originally only an adv. formed by the combination of the prep. zu and the dat. of the subst. Friede. Hence the orig. meaning of zufrieden is ‘in peace, quietly, protection.’ In MidHG. mit vride (comp. abhanden, behende) was the equiv. expression.

Zug, m., ‘pull, march, expedition,’ from MidHG. zuc (gen. zuges), OHG. zug, m., a verbal abstract of ziehen (comp. Flug from fliegen). Corresponding to the equiv. Du. teug, AS. tyge, E. tug, and Dan. tog.

Zugang, m., ‘admittance, access,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. zuoganc, m. (see Gang).

Zügel, m., ‘rein, bridle, check,’ from MidHG. zügel, zugel, m., ‘strap, band, rein,’ OHG. zugil, zuhil (zuol), m., ‘band, cord, rein’; a derivative of ziehen. Corresponding to OIc. tygell, m., ‘strap, cord, rein,’ AS. tygel, Du. teugel, Dan. tøile. See also Zaum.

zugleich, adv., ‘at the same time, together,’ ModHG. only, implying MidHG. *ze gelîche, ‘in the same manner’ (see gleich).

zuhand, adv., ‘at once, immediately,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zehant, lit. ‘at hand.’ In Ger. many adverbial expressions are formed from the word Hand, — abhanden, vorhanden, allerhand; comp. zufrieden.

zuletzt, adv., ‘finally, ultimately,’ from MidHG. ze lęȥȥist, ze lęste, OHG. zi lęȥȥist; comp. letzt.

Zülle, f., ‘lighter, boat,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zülle, zulle; early history obscure. The G. word is related only to the Slav. class, Russ. čélnŭ, Pol. czołn, Czech člun;

on which side the word was borrowed cannot be ascertained.

Zulp, m., ‘sucking mark (on the skin), spot made by sucking,’ ModHG. only; allied to zullen, ‘to suck’; origin obscure. Probably related to Du. tul, ‘bottle, tippler,’ tullen, ‘to tipple.’

zumal, adv., ‘especially, particularly,’ from MidHG. and OHG. ze mâle, ‘at the point of time, forthwith, immediately’; comp. Mal.

zünden, vb., ‘to take fire, set on fire, kindle,’ from MidHG. zünden, ‘to set on fire,’ OHG. zunten (from zuntjan), wk. vb., ‘to kindle’; also in MidHG. zunden, ‘to burn, give light,’ OHG. zundên, ‘to be aflame, glow.’ Comp. Goth. tundnan, ‘to be kindled,’ tandjan, wk. vb., ‘to set on fire,’ AS. tyndan, MidE. tenden, E. (dial.) teend, tind, ‘to kindle,’ OIc. tendra, Swed. tända, Dan. tœnde. MidHG. zinden, str. vb., ‘to burn, glow,’ implies a Goth. str. vb. *tindan; to this is allied OHG. zinsilo, m., zinsilôd, ‘fomes,’ zinsera, f. ‘censer’ (not from Lat. incensorium), and zinsilôn, ‘machinari.’ With Goth. tandjan, ‘to set on fire,’ are connected OHG. zantaro, MidHG. zander, ‘glowing coal,’ OIc. tandre, ‘fire.’ The Teut. root tand (Aryan dnt?, dndh?), ‘to burn,’ has no undoubted cognates in the non-Teut. languages. — Derivative Zunder, Zundel, m., ‘tinder, touchwood, fuse,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zunder, m. and n., OHG. zuntara, zuntra, f. Comp. LG. tunder, Du. tonder, AS. tynder, E. tinder, OIc. tundr, Swed. tunder, Dan. tender. Forms with l also occur; comp. OHG. zuntil, MidHG. zundel, zündel, m., ‘lighter, tinder’ (ModHG. proper name Zündel), Du. tondel. From Teut. is borrowed OFr. tondre, ‘tinder.’

Zunft, f., ‘guild, corporation, club, sect,’ from MidHG. zunft, zumft, OHG. zumft, f., ‘propriety, rule, law; society governed by certain rules, union, association,’ guild’; allied to ziemen. OHG. zumft is derived from zëman, ‘to be proper,’ by means of the -ti (Goth. -þi), which forms verbal abstracts; for the intrusion of an f in the combination mt, comp. Kunft, Nunft, and Ramft. Hence the orig. meaning of Zunft is ‘suitability, propriety, that which is becoming or according to law.’ For the development of meaning comp. Gilde, derived from LG.

Zunge, f., ‘tongue, language,’ from MidHG. zunge, f., ‘tongue, tongue-shaped