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INDONESIAN LINGUISTICS
Common IN final media into tenuis”, hence Day., IMal. hanut.
— “Bug. and Mak. change Common IN explosive final into q”, hence Mak. anuq. — “Besemah renders Common IN ending u -- consonant by o -- consonant”, hence añot.Note II. — The h in Day. and Mal. hanut is a petrified for- mative: Day., for instance, uses ha-, or h-, to form verbs from word-bases.
40. If we survey once more the area of distribution of the series c, j, ñ, we are compelled to admit that it is not extensive enough to justify us in declaring without hesitation that this series is Common IN. However, we find in Madagascar, in Old Mlg., a further piece of evidence, at any rate for j, in the spelling dz, which we meet with occasionally in Flacourt and may compare with Seidenadel's ds in § 36. Thus Flacourt mentions a word idzin, “dark” : see Ferrand's edition, p. 103. But this idzin coincides phonetically with Jav. ijem, in accord- ance with the phonetic law: “Common IN and also Old and Modern Jav. final -em becomes -ina in Mlg.; but the older sources often represent it by -in”. See also alina < alem, § 24. — It is true that idzin means “dark” and ijem “green”, but we find in IN more than one parallel for the shift of meaning from “green” to “dark” . In Madagascar itself maitsu signifies “green” in some of the dialects and “black” in others; Mal. hijau means “green” and is also used to describe the glint of black hair. — In the Mlg. of to-day z, i.e. the sonant sibilant, is used for Flacourt's dz, that is, for Common IN j.
Note. — It is remarkable what a number of Day. words con- taining j occur also in Hova, including some that are peculiar to these two languages. Examples : Day. jara, “punishment” = Hova zara, “lot, luck” — jera, " tofrighten away by beating " = zera, “to beat” — jawoh, “negligent” = zawu- zucu, “to behave carelessly” — joho, “wantonness of spirit” = zu “fame” , etc. — I am of opinion that Hova, or Mlg., finds its nearest relative among the IN languages in this very Day. Besides the circumstance I have just mentioned there are a number of other observed facts that have led me to that
