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chemistry and mineralogy, and in 1816 published an elementary treatise on " Mineralogy and Ge- ology" (Boston; 2d ed., 1822; 3d ed., 185G), based on the system of Brongniart and Haliy, and contain- ing minute descriptions of minerals and original information regarding their localities in the White mountains and other districts explored by him. He lectured on chemistry before popular audiences in Hallowell, Portland, and Portsmouth, N. H., during his winter vacations in 1818-22. When the medical school was established in 1820 he be- came lecturer on chemistiy, dean of the faculty, and librarian. In 1828 his chair in the college was changed to chemistry, mineralogy, and natural philosophy. He stood first among the mineralo- gists of the country, gathered a large collection of specimens for the college, was a lucid lecturer, and continued to teach with success to the very day of his death. But, since he would not travel by steam and took little interest in recent geological discoveries and discussions, his early fame as a mineralogist was eclipsed by the scientific services of geological explorers. He declined the professor- ship of mineralogy at Harvard, offered him after his reputation was first established by the publica- tion of his manual, and in 1839 refused the presi- dency of Bowdoin. — Another grandson, Nelie- niiah, b. in Topsfield, Mass., in 1796; d. in 1877 (a son of Dr. Nehemiah, a physician of Topsfield), was prepared for college in the family of his cousin, Parker, graduated at Bowdoin in 1813, began the study of theology at Andover, and taught school at Gorham, Me. He had charge of Preble street school, Portland, in 1816-'7, was then, for three years, a tutor at Bowdoin, from 1821 till 1889 was preceptor of Dummer academy, Byfield, and after- ward professor of ancient languages at Phillips Exeter academy. He was head of the high school at Lowell, Mass., and from 1842 till 1848 principal of a school for young ladies in Brooklyn, N. Y. He was the author of a descriptive and historical account of Greenwood cemetery, Brooklyn; " The Flowers Personified," a translation from the French; and a " History of Bowdoin College, with Biographical Sketches of its Graduates," left unfinished by him, but completed by A. S. Pack- ard (Boston, 1882). — Another grandson, brother of Nehemiah, Elislia Lord, clergyman, b. in Tops- field, Mass., 25 April, 1806; d. in New Haven, Conn., 16 Feb., 1866. was prepared for college at Dummer academy, Newbury, then under the care of his brother, and graduated at Bowdoin in 1829, and at Andover tlieological seminary in 1832, and the same year was licensed to preach. In July, 1833, he was ordained pastor of the 3d Congregational cluirch of New Haven. Dr. Cleaveland opposed the new-school views of Drs. Taylor and Fitch. Ln November, 1864, he went to Europe, and during his tour explained the sentiments and resources of the northern states in an assembly of French Prot- estant pastors in Paris, and before the English Congresrational union in London.

CLEAVELAND, Moses, pioneer, b. in Canter- bury, Windham co.. Conn., 29 Jan., 1754; d. there, 16 Nov., 1806. He was a nephew of John, the minister of Ipswich, was gi-aduated at Yale in 1777, and studied and began the practice of law in his native town. He was commissioned captain of a company of sappers and miners in 1779, served for several years, and then resumed legal practice. He gained "a high reputation for ability and energy, was several times elected to the legislature, and in 1796 was commissioned brigadier-general of militia. He was a shareholder 'in the Connecticut land com- pany, which had purchased for $1,200,000 from the state government of Connecticut the land in north- eastern Ohio reserved to Connecticut by congress known at its first settlement as New Connecticut, and in later times as the Western Reserve. In May, 1796, the directors of the company appointed Gen. Cleaveland their agent to superintend the survey of the tract and the location of purchases, and to ne- gotiate with the In- dians living on the land, and obtain their acquiescence in its settlement by white emigrants. He set out from Schenecta- dy, N. Y.. in June, 1796, with a party of fifty, consisting of six surveyors, a physi- cian, a chaplain, a

boatman, thirty-seven

employes, a few emigrants, and two women who accompanied their husbands. Some journeyed by land with the horses and cattle, while the main body went in boats up the Mohawk, down the Oswego, along the shore of Lake Ontario, and up Niagara river, carrying their boats over the long portage of seven miles at the falls. At Buffalo a delegation of Mohawk and Seneca Indians opposed their en- trance into the Western Reserve, claiming it as their territory, but waived their rights on the re- ceipt of goods valued at $1,200. The expedition then coasted along the shore of Lake Erie, and landed, on 4 July, 1796, at the mouth of Conneaut creek, which they named Port Independence. The Indians were propitiated with gifts of beads and whiskey, and allowed the surveys to proceed. Gen. Cleaveland, with a surveying party, coasted along the shore, entered a stream that he took to be the Cuyahoga, and named the Chagrin on learning his vexatious mistake, then proceeded westward, and on 22 July, 1796, landed at the mouth of the Cuyahoga. He ascended the bank, and, beholding a beautiful plain covered with a luxuriant forest- growth, divined that the spot where he stood, with the river on the west and Lake Erie on the north, was a favorable site for a city. He accordingly had it surveyed into town lots, and the employes named the place Cleaveland, in honor of their chief. There were but four settlers the first year, and, on account of the insahibrity of the locality, the growth was at first slow, reaching 150 inhabi- tants only in 1820. In 1830, when the first news- paper, the " Cleveland Advertiser," was established, the editor discovered that the head-line was too long for the form, and accordingly left out the letter " a " in the first syllable of " Cleaveland," which spelling was at once adopted by the public.

CLEBURNE (clebborn), Patrick Ronajne, soldier, b. in county Cork, Ireland, 17 March, 1828; killed ni the battle of Franklin. Tenn., 30 Nov., 1864. He was a descendant of William Cleburne, and the second son of Dr. Joseph Cleburne. His mother was a daughter of Patrick Ronayne of Annebrook, county Cork, descended from that Maurice Ro- nayne who obtained from King Henry IV. " a grant of the rights of Englishmen." He was intended for the profession of medicine, but becoming dis- couraged while a student at Trinity college, he ran away and enlisted in the 41st regiment of foot. After three years' service he came to the United States, settled at Helena, Ark., where he studied