CALVINISTIC METHODISTS 298 CAMAGITEY ianism was also presented by the Re- monstrants at the Synod of Dort in five points. Those of Calvinism are the fol- lowing: 1. Original Sin; 2. Total De- pravity; 3. Election, or Predestination; 4. Effectual Calling; 5. Final Persever- ance of the Saints. Augustine, Bishop of Hippo, who was born in 354, and died in 430, held theological views essentially the same as those afterward promul- gated by Calvin. In addition to what may be called the doctrines of grace, Calvin held the spiritual presence of Christ in the Holy Eucharist, but not the doctrine of consubstantiation. He was thus essentially Zwinglian, and not Lutheran. Calvin's views of church government were essentially what are now called Presbyterian. He held also that the Church should be spiritually independ- ent of the State, but was willing that the discipline of the Church should be carried out by the civil power. This last opinion, followed to its logical conclu- sion, involved him in heavy responsi- bility for the death of his Socinian antagonist, Servetus, the capital punish- ment of whom for alleged heresy was approved of not merely by Calvin, but by the other reformers, not excepting the gentle Melanchthon. No one in those days seems to have clearly understood religious liberty. CALVINISTIC METHODISTS, a sec- tion of the Methodists, distinguished by their Calvinistic sentiments from the or- dinary Wesleyans, who are Arminian. Wesley and Whitefield, the colleagues in the great evangelistic movement which did so much spiritually and morally to regenerate England in the 18th century, differed with regard to the doctrines of grace, Wesley being Arminian, and Whitefield Calvinistic; the latter revival preacher may be looked on as the father and founder of Calvinistic Methodism. Other names, and especially that of Howell Harries, of Trevecca, should be mentioned in connection with it. In its distinctive form it dates from 1725, but did not completely sever its connection with the English Church till 1810. In government it is now Presbyterian. Its great seat is Wales. CALVO, CARLOS, an Argentine au- thor and diplomat, born in Buenos Aires, in 1824. He was a profound stu- dent of economic and political problems and stood high as a jurist. In 1860 he was made minister plenipotentiary to the courts of France and Great Britain, and in 1885 was appointed to a similar post in Berlin. He served with distinc- tion and was the recipient of many hon- ors from the nations to which he was accredited. His studies and writings gave the name to the "Calvo Doctrine," which provided that the collection of pecuniary claims by citizens of one coun- try against those of another should never be collected by force, a doctrine that has been practically acquiesced in by most of the governments of the world. Among his publications are "Historical Annals of the Revolution in Latin Amer- ica" (1864) ; "Study on Emigration and Colonization" (1885) ; "International Law in Theory and Practice" (1872) ; and "Manual of Public and Private In- ternational Law" (1892). He died in Paris in 1906. CALYPSO, in Grecian legend, was, ac- cording to Homer, the daughter of At- las, and inhabited the solitary wooded isle of Ogygia, far apart from all gods and men. Ulysses being thrown upon her island by shipwreck, she treated him kindly, and promised him immortality if he would marry her. CALYPTRA, the hood of the theca or capsule of mosses. The same name is given to any hood-like body connected with the organs of fructification in flow- ering plants. CALYPTR.ffiA, a genus of gaster- opods, furnished with a patelliform shell, to the cavity of which a smaller conical one adheres, like a cup in a saucer. It is the typical genus of the family Calyp- trseidae. The species are called cup-and- saucer limpets. CALYX, in botany, the name given to the exterior covering of a flower, that is, the floral envelope consisting of a circle or whorl of leaves external to the co- rolla, which it incloses and supports. The parts or leaves which belong to it are called sepals; they may be united by their margins, or distinct, and are usu- ally of a green color and of less delicate texture than the corolla. In many flow- ers, however (especially monocotyle- dons), there is little or no difference in character between caljnc and corolla, in which case the whole gets the name of perianth. CAM, or GRANTA, a sluggish river of England, which, rising in Essex, flows 40 miles N. W. and N. E. through Cambridgeshire, and falls into the Ouse BV2 miles above Ely. It gives name to the town of Cambridge, where it is barely wide enough for an eight-oar to turn. CAMA, in Indian mythology, the god of love and marriage. CAM AGUE Y, or PUERTO PRINCIPE, a province of Cuba which occupies the
