DOUGHEBTY 409 DOUGLAS forests. Maize, potatoes, hemp, flax, are the principal crops. Much dairy produce is made into Gruyere cheese. The min- erals include iron, lead, and marble. Pop. about 290,000. The river Doubs rises in the department to which it gives its name, flows first N. E., then N. W., till it joins the Saone at Verdun-sur-Saone; length, 250 miles. DOTJG-HEBTY, DENNIS J., an Amer- ican Roman Catholic prelate. He was educated at St. Charles Seminary, Over- brook, Pa., and in 1903 was appointed first American bishop of Neuva Segovia, Philippine Islands. He became bishop of Jaro, P. I., in 1908. He rendered re- markable service in the Philippines among the native troops. He remained there until 1915, when he was appointed bishop of Buffalo, and in July, 1918, was appointed archbishop of the See of Phila- delphia and the Province of Philadelphia. He was one of the most conspicuous of Roman Catholic Church men, and in March, 1921, was appointed cardinal by Pope Benedict. DOUGLAS, a city of Arizona, in Cochise co. It is on the El Paso and Southwestern railroad, and the terminus of the Nacozari railroad of Mexico. There are large copper smelters, and gypsum, cement, and plaster works. Pop. (1910) 6,437; (1920) 9,916. DOUGLAS (dug'las), a family distin- guished in the annals of Scotland. Their origin is unknown. They were already territorial magnates at the time when Bruce and Baliol were competitors for the crown. As their estates lay on the borders they early became guardians of the kingdom against the encroachments of the English. The most distinguished members of the family are: James, son of the William Douglas who had been a com- panion of Wallace, and is commonly known as the Good Sir James, early joined Bruce, and was one of his chief supporters throughout his career, and ene of the most distinguished leaders at the battle of Bannockburn. He fell in battle with the Moors while on his way to the Holy Land with the heart of his master, in 1331. Archibald, youngest brother of Sir James, succeeded to the regency of Scot- land in the infancy of David. He was defeated and killed at Halidon Hill by Edward III. in 1333. William, son of the preceding, was created first earl in 1357. He recovered DoTiglasdale from the English, and was frequently engaged in wars with them. He died in 1384. James, the second earl, who, like his ancestor, was constantly engaged in border warfare, was killed at the battle of Otterburn in 1388. After his death the earldom passed to an illegitimate son of the Good Sir James, Archibald the Grim, Lord of Galloway. Archibald, son of Archibald the Grim and fourth earl, was the Douglas who was defeated and taken prisoner bj Percy (Hotspur) at Homildon, Sept. 14, 1402. He was also taken prisoner at Shrewsbury, July 23, 1403, and did not recover his liberty till 1407. He was killed at the battle of Verneuil, in Nor- mandy, in 1427. Charles VII. created him Duke of Touraine, which title de- scended to his successors. William, sixth earl, born 1422, to- gether with his only brother David was assassinated by Crichton and Living- stone at a banquet to which he had been invited in the name of the king, in Edin- burgh Castle, on Nov. 24, 1440. William, the eighth earl, a descendant of the third earl, restored the power of the Douglases by a marriage with his cousin, heiress of another branch of the family; was appointed lord-lieutenant of the kingdom, and defeated the English at Sark. Latterly having entered into a treasonous league, he was invited by James II. to Stirling and there murdered by the king's own hand, Feb. 22, 1452. James, the ninth and last earl, brother of the preceding, took up arms with his allies to avenge his death, but was finally driven to England, where he con- tinued an exile for nearly 30 years. Hav- ing entered Scotland on a raid in 1484 he was taken prisoner and confined in the abbey of Lindores, where he died in 1488. His estates, which had been for- feited in 1455, were bestowed on the fourth Earl of Angus, the "Red Douglas," the representative of a younger branch of the Douglas family, which continued long after to flourish. The fifth Earl of Angus, Archibald Douglas, was the celebrated " Bell-the-Cat," one of whose sons was Gawin Douglas the poet. He died in a monastery in 1514. Archibald, the sixth earl, married Queen Margaret, widow of James IV., attained the dignity of regent of the kingdom, and after various vicissitudes of fortune, having at one time been attainted and forced to flee from the kingdom, died about 1560. He left no son, and the title of Earl of Angus passed to his nephew, David. James Douglas, brother of David, mar- ried the heiress of the Earl of Mor- ton, which title he received on the death of his father-in-law. His nephew Archi- bald, eighth Earl of Angus and Earl of Morton, died childless, and the earldom of Angus then passed to Sir William Douglas of Glenbervie, his cousin, whose son William was raised to the rank of
