GALATINA 241 GALEN ancient Church universally, and by nearly all the ablest modem critics. GALATINA (ga-la-te'na) , a town of Italy, 13 miles S. W. of Lecce. It has a church, erected in 1384, with antique sculptures and fine tombs of the Balzo- Orsini family. Pop, 12,500. GALATZ (ga'lats), or GALACZ (ga'lach), a river port of Moldavia, the center of the commerce of Rumania, situated on the left bank of the Danube. 3 miles below the influx of the Sereth, and 85 from the Sulina mouth of the Danube, by rail 166 N. E. of Bucharest, and 259 S. W. of Odessa. It occupies the slope of a hill overlooking the river, and is divided into an Old and a New Town, the former consisting of irregularly built streets, the latter built more after the fashion of western Europe. Prior to the World War the chief objects of indus- try were iron, copper, wax candles, and soap. The exports consist of maize, wheat, wheat flour, barley, rye, and tim- ber. Galatz has frequently been taken in the wars between the Russians and Turks since 1789. It ceased to be a free port in 1883. Pop. about 74,000. GALA (ga'la) WATER, a stream of Edinburgh, Selkirk, and Roxburgh shires, Scotland, rising among the Moor- foot Hills, and winding 21 miles S. S. E. past Stow and Galashiels, till, after a total descent of 800 feet, it falls into the Tweed, a little below Abbotsford, and 2^/^ miles W. of Melrose. GALAXY, in astronomy, the Milky Way. It constitutes nearly a great circle inclined to the equinoctial at an angle of about 63°, and cutting that circle in right ascension Oh. 47' and 12h. 47', so that the N. and S. poles are situated, the one on right ascension 12h. 47', declina- tion N. 27°, and right ascension Oh. 47', declination S. 27°. The milky appear- ance of the great belt or zone now described arises from the blended light of countless multitudes of stars, each doubtless a sun to some system of planets. Sir William Herschel estimated that at one portion of the Milky Way 116,000 stars passed through the field of the telescope in a quarter of an hour, and on another occasion 258,000 stars in 41 minutes. Here and there the Milky Way divides, especially at one spot, where there is a separation into two portions, somewhat resembling the projecting sides of a fish tail. GALEA. SERVIUS SULPICIUS. a Roman emperor, successor of Nero; born Dec. 24, 3 B. c. He was made a praetor (a. d. 20), and afterward governor of Aquitania, and in A. D. 33 was raised to the consulship. Caligula appointed him general in Germany, and Claudius sent him in A. D. 45 as proconsul to Africa. He then lived in retirement till the middle of Nero's reign, when the em- peror appointed him governor of His- pania Tarraconensis, but soon after or- dered him to be secretly assassinated. Galba revolted; the death of Nero fol- lowed (a. d. 68), and he himself was chosen emperor by the praetorian cohorts in Rome. He went directly to Rome, but soon made himself unpopular by cruelty and avarice, and he was slain in the forum, Jan. 15, A. D. 69. GALDOS, BENITO PEREZ (gal'dos), See Perez Galdos. GALCHAS. a collective name given to a group of tribes inhabiting the high- lands and upland valleys of Ferghana, Zarafsjjan and the Oxus. They are closely akin to the Iranic stock, and in speech are near the Tajiks and Persians, GALE, NORMAN ROWLAND, an English poet born at Kew, Surrey, March 4, 1862. He graduated from Oxford in 1884. His most important works in- clude: "A Country Muse" (1892); "Cricket Songs" (1894); "All Expenses Paid" (1895) ; "Songs for Little People" (1896); "Barty's Star" (1903). "A Book of Quatrains" (1909) ; "Song in Septem- ber" (1912); "Collected Poems" (1914). GALE, ZONA, an American writer, born at Portage, Wis., in 1874. She graduated from the University of Wis- consin in 1895, and until 1904 was en- gaged in newspaper work in Milwaukee and New York. She began contributing short stories to magazines and at once attained notice for her unusual skill in portraying life and character in rural communities. Her works include "Friend- ship Village" (1908) ; "Mothers to Men" (1911); "A Daughter of To-morrow" (1917); "Peace in Friendship Village" (1919) ; "Miss Lulu Bett" (1920). GALEN, or CLAUDIUS GALENUS, a celebrated Greek physician; born in Per- gamus, Mysia, in A. D. 131. In his 19th year he began the study of medicine, first at Pergamus, aftervard at Smyrna, Corinth, and Alexandria. On his return to his native city in 158 he was appointed physician to the school of gladiators. Six years later he went to Rome and was offered, though he declined, the post of physician to the emperor. Scarcely, however, had he returned to his native city when summoned by the Emperors M. Aurelius and L. Verus to attend them in the Venetian territory, and shortly aftei-ward he accompanied or followed them to Rome (170). There he remained
