ROBERT 68 ROBERT was for a time Inspector of Boys' Train- ing Establishments. During 1919 he was Commander-in-Chief in the Mediterra- nean. ROBERT, DUKE OF NORMANDY, surnamed the Devil; the younger son of Duke Richard II. by his marriage with Judith, a daughter of Count Godfrey of Brittany. In 1028 he succeeded his elder brother, Richard III., whom he is charged with having poisoned. The first years of his government were employed in bring- ing his rebellious vassals into subjection, and he then restored Count Baldwin of Flanders to his states, assisted Henry I., King of France, against his mother Constantia, and humbled Count Otho of Champagne. In 1034 his fleet was wrecked off Jersey while on its way to England to support his nephews Alfred and Edward against Canute, who had excluded them from the succession to the English throne. Hereupon he concluded a truce with Canute, by which the two princes were promised half of England. In 1033 he set out to visit the holy places, and subsequently made the pilgrimage to Jerusalem on foot. While returning he died suddenly in Nicsea in Asia Minor (1035), and is supposed to have been poisoned by his servants. William the Conqueror was his son. ROBERT I. See Bruce, Robert. ROBERT II., King of Scotland; born in Scotland, March 2, 1316; the son of Marjory, daughter of Robert Bruce, and of Walter, steward of Scotland, and was thus the first of the Stewart or Stuart kings. He was recognized by Parliament in 1318 as heir to the crown. On the death of David II. he was crowned at Scone, March 26, 1371. He had long acted as regent, and had done good ser- vice in the English wars. An act of Parliament in 1375 settled the crown on his sons by his first wife Elizabeth Mure of Rowallan, illegitimate by ecclesiastical law. His reign was comparatively a peaceful one, one of the chief events being the battle of Otterburn. He died in Dun- donald Castle, May 13, 1390. ROBERT III., King of Scotland, eld- est son of the preceding; born in 1340 and was originally called John, but changed his name on his coronation in 1390. Having been lamed by accident, he was unable to engage in military pursuits, and he trusted the management of affairs almost entirely to his brother, whom he created Duke of Albany. In 1398 Albany was compelled to resign his office by a party who wished to confer it on the king's eldest son, David, Duke of Rothe- say. War was renewed with England, and the battle of Homildon Hill, Sept. 14, 1402, resulted in a disastrous defeat of the Scotch. In this year the Duke of Rothesay died in Falkland Castle, where he had been imprisoned ; and it was commonly believed that he was starved to death at the instigation of Albany. Dread of Albany, who had recovered the regency, induced the king to send his sec- ond son, James, to France in 1406; but the vessel which carried him was cap- tured by the English, and Henry IV. long detained him as a prisoner. Soon after this event Robert died in Rothesay, Bute, in 1406. ROBERT COLLEGE, a Christian in- stitution of learning in Hissur, a suburb of Constantinople, founded in 1863 by Christopher R. Robert, a wealthy resident of New York. The Rev. Cyrus Hamlin, D. D., was its first president. Mr. Robert supported the institution till his death in 1878, and then bequeathed to it one- fifth of his estate. His gifts to the insti- tution amounted in all to about $450,000. The college was incorporated as a branch of the University of New York in 1864. The permission to erect suitable buildings was given by the Sultan in 1869. The two main buildings were erected respec- tively in 1871 and 1893. The course of study is similar to that of an American college, with special stress laid on the teaching of English. There is a prepara- tory course of five years. During the World War the buildings of the college were used as a hospital. Over 3,500 stu- dents have graduated since the founda- tion of the institution. President, Caleb F. Gates, D.D., LL.D. ROBERT, HENRY MARTYN, an American army officer, born at Robert- ville, S. C, in 1837. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1857 and in the same year was made 2nd lieutenant of engineers. Rising through the successive ranks of the ser- vice, he became chief of engineers of the United States Army, with the rank of brigadier-general, on April 30, 1901, but was retired on May 2 of the same year, after having^ reached the legal age limit. The most important assignments of his military career included service at the United States Military Academy, in 1856-7, and again in 1865 to 1867; the command of the exploration party of a military route from Vancouver to Puget Sound, in 1860; engineer in charge of defenses of Philadelphia, in 1861-2, and of New Bedford, from 1862 to 1865 ; chief engineer of the Military Division of the Pacific, from 1867 to 1871; engi- neer in charge of various light house dis- tricts and river and harbor improvements, from 1871 to 1895; president of the United States Board of Engineers for
