CREATION BY EVOLUTION
whether anything but a mind has these distinctive characters.
Of course all three may go together. When one is angry there is reference to some one with whom he is angry and to something he has done; one’s action toward him is appropriately guided, and there is emotional feeling—pleasure or pain—which tingles in one’s mind and is part of the mental story.
But though all three may go together we may distinguish them, just as we may distinguish (under reference) the colour, the scent, and the shape of a rose, though they too go together. Under this distinction mental evolution is threefold. In the ascending order of organisms (each with body-mind) from some lowly animal to man, there is, as we infer, evolution of enjoyment from lower to higher forms—from the pleasures of sense to aesthetic, intellectual, and moral joy; there is evolution of objective reference which leads up from bare sensory “acquaintance” to all that falls under “knowledge”; there is, in due course, evolution of guidance, which, by progressive steps, enables us to thread our way sure-footedly in a difficult world. All three conspire, in accordance with their level of evolution, to give the status of this or that mind in any given organism, from the lowest to the highest—conspire, too, to give the status of the mind of the individual at successive stages of its life history, say in early and later infancy, early and later childhood, adolescence, and maturity.
The threefold evolution, distinguishable under the headings of enjoyment, objective reference, and guidance of action, is threefold only in so far as we regard evolution in mind from these three standpoints. For your mind and my mind is “all three in one” and exemplifies one evolutionary advance. So, too, body and mind are distinguish-
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