characteristic of Hedley's energy and resource.
In 1824 he took the Crow Tees colliery, near Durham, and later that at Callerton, near Wylam. In 1828 he removed to Shield Row, where he rented for some time the South Moor colliery. While at Callerton he introduced an improved system of pumping the water out of collieries, which, though adversely criticised at the time, was soon in general use in the north of England.
Hedley died at Burnhopeside Hall, near Lanchester, Durham, on 9 Jan. 1843, and was buried at Newburn. Four of his sons survived him: Oswald Dodd Hedley (d. 1882); Thomas Hedley (d. 1877), who left much money to endow the Northumberland bishopric; William Hedley; and George Hedley.
The inventions connected with the steam engine are all matters of dispute. Hedley's discoveries were not widely known at the time, and, owing to the desire of popular writers to simplify the story and to add to its picturesqueness by consolidating what should be a widely distributed credit, he has not until recently received due recognition.
[Archer's William Hedley, 3rd ed.; O. D. Hedley's Who invented the Locomotive Engine? Galloway's The Steam Engine and its Inventors, pp. 212, 218, 220; Smiles's Lives of the Engineers, iii. 91, 497, 498, 499, 500.]
HEEMSKERK, EGBERT van (1645–1704), painter, born at Haarlem in Holland in 1645, was son of a painter of the same name in that town, who painted clever pictures in the style of Teniers and Brouwer. Heemskerk studied under Pieter de Grebber, and followed the same style as his father, painting drinking scenes, village schools, humorous subjects, temptations of St. Anthony, and the like. He lived most of his life in London, where he was patronised by the Earl of Rochester. His paintings, though often gross in subject, were cleverly executed, and were very popular. Many were engraved, especially in mezzotint, by R. Earlom, J. Smith, and others, including some of ‘Quakers' Meetings,’ which are well known. He died in London in 1704, leaving a son of the same name, who was also a painter, but turned out badly, and eventually took to the stage at Sadler's Wells Theatre.
In the print room at the British Museum there are two portraits of Heemskerk, engraved in mezzotint, perhaps by himself, and published by I. Oliver, and also a portrait of Pierce Tempest after Heemskerk, engraved by F. Place. He frequently introduced his own portrait into his pictures. Vincent Bourne [q. v.] wrote poems on two of his pictures.
[Immerzeel's (and Kramm's) Levens en Werken der Hollandsche Kunstschilders; De Piles's Lives of the Painters (supplement); Granger's Biog. Hist. of England.]
HEERE, LUCAS van (1534–1584), painter and poet. [See De Heere.]
HEETE, ROBERT, or Robert of Woodstock (d. 1428), canonist and civilian, presumably a native of Woodstock, Oxfordshire, became scholar of Winchester College in 1401, and in due course scholar of New College, Oxford, where he graduated M.A. and LL.B. He was a pupil of William Barrowe, doctor of decretals, and afterwards bishop of Bangor and Carlisle. In 1413, when Barrowe was chancellor, Heete delivered a lecture on the first book of the decretals. He was chaplain of the chantry of the Holy Trinity in All Saints' Church, Oxford, the patronage of which belonged to his college (Wood, City of Oxford, ii. 110, Oxf. Hist. Soc.), and rector of St. Mildred's, Oxford. In 1417 he became fellow of the college, and in 1422 was admitted fellow of Winchester College. He died on 28 Feb. 1428 (Reg. Winchester College, ap. Moberly, p. xii).
Heete owned New College MS. 92, and was the author of part of its contents, viz.: 1. ‘Lectura super primum librum Decretalium … extractum ex diversis doctoribus,’ ff. 9–82. 2. ‘Lectura super Decretalium librum quintum,’ ff. 83–99. 3. ‘Brocarda juris canonici, et civilis secundum R. [Heete?].’ He may also have written some of the other articles, which include several anonymous orations and some legal ‘adversaria.’ The volume bears the inscription ‘Lib' R. Heete precij xiii s. iiij d.,’ and a statement that it was bequeathed by him for the use of any law fellow of the college. Heete was also in all probability the author of a short life of William of Wykeham preserved in a manuscript at Winchester College: ‘Libellus seu Tractatus de prosapia, vita, et gestis venerabilis patris et domini, domini Willelmi de Wykeham, nuper episcopi Wynton.’ This volume is dated 1424 and contains a dedication to the fellows of Winchester and New Colleges; its author was certainly fellow of one or both of those colleges. Martin, in his ‘Life of Wykeham,’ ascribes it to one Robert Heers or Heresius, but there is no such name in the ‘College Registers.’ Heete's ‘Life of Wykeham’ is printed in the Rev. G. H. Moberly's ‘Life of Wykeham’ (Appendix E, pp. 293–308); it contains some short pieces of elegiac verse. The ‘Life’ preserved in
