Shasta.—At the time of the Rogue River War the Shastas, or Shaseecas, became involved in the rebellion of their neighbors, and after their defeat the warriors of both tribes were removed, with their families, to the Grand Ronde and Siletz Reserves in Oregon. Hence, they almost entirely disappeared from their old homes in the Shasta and Scott Valleys, which are drained by affluents of the Klamath river, and also from their homes on Klamath river, from Clear Creek upwards. Nouns form their plurals by adding oggára, ukára, "many," and the language does not sound disagreeably to our ears. We know this vocalic tongue only through a few words, collected by Dana; the Smithsonian Institution owns three vocabularies. The Scotts' Valley band was called Watsahéwa; the names of other bands were T-ka, Iddoa, Hoteday, We-ohow.
Pit River.—Pit River Indians, a poor and very abject-looking lot of natives, live on upper Pit river and its side creeks. In former years they suffered exceedingly from the raids of the Modocs and Klamath Lakes, who kidnapped and kept them as slaves, or sold them at the slave-market at Yánex in southern Oregon. Like the Pomos and most other Californians, they regard and worship the coyote-wolf as the creator and benefactor of mankind. Powers calls their language "hopelessly consonantal, harsh and sesquipedalian, very unlike the sweet and simple tongues of the Sacramento river." Redoubling of the root seems to prevail here to a large extent. A few words from a sub-dialect are given by Mr. Bancroft, which do not differ materially from the "Palaik" (or Mountaineer) vocabulary printed in Transactions of Am. Ethnol. Soc. Vol. II, p. 98. After a military expedition to their country, General Crook ordered a removal of many individuals of this tribe to the Round Valley reserve, where they are now settled. Pú-su, Pú-isu is the Wintoon name of the Pit River Indians, meaning "eastern people." According to Mr. Powers' statements (Overland Monthly, 1874, pp. 412, sgg.) the Pit River Indians are sub-divided in:—Achomáwes, in the Fall river basin; from achoma "river," meaning Pit river. Hamefcuttelies, in Big valley. Astakaywas or Astakywich, in Hot Spring valley; from astakày, hot spring. Illmawes, opposite Fort Crook, south side of Pit river. Pácamallies, on Hat Creek.
Klamath.—The watershed between the Sacramento and Columbia river Basin consists of a broad and mountainous table-land rising to an average height of four to five thousand feet, and embellished by beautiful sheets of fresh water. The central part of this plateau is occupied by the Klamath Reservation, which includes lakes, prairies, volcanic ledges, and is the home of the Klamath stock of Indians, who inhabit it together with
