| 18.4 | The Natural Ecosystems | 210 |
| 18.5 | Natural and Viable Society | 211 |
| 18.6 | Modern Society | 212 |
| 18.7 | The Economy | 213 |
| 18.8 | Anyama as Seen by Local People | 213 |
| 18.9 | Social and Political Status of Anyama | 214 |
| 19 | THE HUMAN ECOSYSTEMS: SANGANA IN AKASSA | 215 |
| 19.1 | Location | 215 |
| 19.2 | Topography of Akassa Island | 215 |
| 19.3 | Soils | 216 |
| 19.4 | The Natural Ecosystem | 217 |
| 19.5 | Natural and Viable Society | 218 |
| 19.6 | Modern Society | 219 |
| 19.7 | The Economy | 220 |
| 19.8 | Social and Political Status of Akassa | 221 |
| 20 | THE HUMAN ECOSYSTEMS: OKOROBA-NEMBE | 222 |
| 20.1 | Location | 222 |
| 20.2 | Topography | 222 |
| 20.3 | Soils | 223 |
| 20.4 | The Natural Ecosystems | 224 |
| 20.5 | Natural and Viable Society | 225 |
| 20.6 | Modern Society | 227 |
| 20.7 | The Economy of the Okoroba-Nembe District | 228 |
| 20.8 | The Environment as seen by Local People | 229 |
| 20.9 | Social and Political Status of Okoroba-Nembe | 230 |
| 20.10 | Addendum: Local People and the Oil Industry | 231 |
| 21 | THE HUMAN ECOSYSTEMS: PORT HARCOURT | 239 |
| 21.1 | Introduction | 239 |
| 21.2 | History | 240 |
| 21.3 | Modern Development | 241 |
| 21.4 | The Modern City - Trends and Future Development | 242 |
| 21.5 | Ecological Setting | 243 |
| 21.6 | The Survey Locations | 244 |
| 21.7 | The Residents | 245 |
| 21.8 | Cultural and Social Issues | 245 |
| 21.9 | Economic Issues | 246 |
| 21.10 | Social Infrastructure and the Urban Environment | 247 |
| 21.11 | Social Infrastructure and the Urban Environment - Housing | 248 |
| 21.12 | The Urban Environment | 248 |
| 21.13 | The Psychological Issues | 250 |
| 21.14 | Participation in Urban Management | 250 |
| 21.15 | The Impact of Port Harcourt on its Region | 250 |
| 21.16 | Conclusions | 250 |
| 21.17 | Appendix: Statements by Residents | 252 |
| INDEX | 255 | |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY | 265 |
4
