SECTION THE FIRST. GENERAL REMARKS ON THE STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES. 1. The subject of the sentence) is put in the nomi- Subject native case. The predicate of the sentence is either and predi- Pronoun or verb; वो धावति (the horse runs), तरुणोऽश्वः (the horse is young). 2. To the noun-predicate the so called verbum sub- Ver- stantivum is commonly not subjoined; from a logical bum sub point of view it is indeed of no use, and its obliga- stanti- vum. tory employment in modern western languages rather to be called an abuse. Pane, 26 स महात्मा वयं कृपणाः (he is a lord, we are mean people), Nala 1,30 त्वं चापि र नारीणां नरेषु च नलो वरः, çak. I ऋऋषि संनिहितो उत्र कुलपति: (is perhaps the head of the family near?). It may, however, be added. Pane. 100 स्वामी वैनतेयोऽस्ति, Kathäs. 16, 115 ग्रहमेवापराध्यस्मि (I alone am guilty.) rá - 1) Vernacular grammar has no term to name the subject of the sen- tence or grammatical subject. The term karty signifies the agent or logical subject. In the same way karma means the logical object, whatso- ever may be its grammatical function; it thus implies the object of the active verb as well as the subject of the passive or the objective genitive. In such sentences as the knife cuts", the grammatical subject is both karty (agent) and karana (instrument). 1
