920
RUSSIA
private schools, with 6,854 boys and girls; 1,001 (46,889 hoA's, 12,869 girls in 1893, 79,861 pupils in 1896) primary schools (18 in Transcaspian region) ; 240 Armenian schools (12,616 boys, 6,619 girls) ; 1,696 Mussulman and Jewish schools ; 991 various schools (35,477 boys, 9,825 girls).
A certain extension has been given of late to schools conducted by the clergy, the masters of which receive the rights of teaching by lettrcs d' obedience of the bishops. They attained the number of 31,835 in 1894, and had about 980,000 pupils. They are not taken into account in the just- mentioned figures.
By a law, April 24, 1890, the middle schools of the Baltic provinces have been transformed entirely on the plan of Russian gj'mnasia.
In 1897 European Russia had 90 agricultural schools, out of which 3 high schools (Moscow, 61 students, Riga, and New Alexandriya) and 9 middle schools (Kharkoff, Kazin, Kherson, Gorki, Uman, Mariiusk, Moscow, Kmsnoufionsk, and Bessarabia), 2 of which were kept by the zcmstvos ; 1,300 pupils, and 60 primary schools, with 2,327 pupils (111 girls).
There were in 1896 only 1 mining institute (309 students), and 5 mining schools (370 pupils). For professional education there were in 1897 5 high schools, 4 middle, and 49 primary technical schools. There were besides 474 handicraft classes in various schools, and 43 sailing classes. For military education there are 5 academies (one medical) and 4 higher schools (1,116 pupils), including the special classes of the corps of cadets ; corps of cadets 8,118 pupils), and various other schools (9,303 ympils).
The Cossack voiskos keep their own schools (18 gymnasia, 49 progymnasia, and 3,093 primary schools for boys ; 10 gymnasia, 12 progymnasia, and 369 lower schools for girls, which both showed an aggregate of 182,000 pupils (1 pupil per 32 inhabitants) in 1896. Girls in gymnasia, 1,268 ; in lower schools, 32,664.
The number of elementary schools, teachers, and pupils in the Russian Empire in 1896 was as follows : —
Schools of
Ministry of Instructiou Ministry of W.ar Ministry of Interior . Other niinistries Holy Synod Various foundations .
Total
Schools
Teachers
Pujiils
Male
Female
Male
Female
564,073 48,720
655
205,732
12,364
32,708 10,270
459
49
34,836
402
5.3,215 13,180
37
24,185
4y2
01,10.-.
16,768 363
40
4,893
815
l,775,s61 252,373
1,969
910,760
7,311
78,724
22,879
2,948,274
831,544
The number and distribution of the schools of the Ministry of Instruction (exclusive of Sunday schools, improvement schools, &c.) in 1896 are given as follows : —
