KNOWLES
KNOWLTON
cliurcli, Boston, Mass., 1825-33 ; professor of pas-
toral duties and sacred rhetoric at the Newton
Tlieological institution, Mass., 1832-38, and editor
of the Christian Review for over two years. He
is the author of : Memoir of Mrs. Ann H. Jiidson
(1829) ; Memoir of Roger Williams (1834). He
died at Newton Centre, Mass., May 9, 1838.
KNOWLES, Lucius James, inventor, was born in Hard wick, Mass., July 2, 1819. In 1840 he in- vented a safety steam-boiler regulator. He also experimented in the use of electi-icity as a motive power and manufactured cameras and material for photograpliers. In 1843 he invented a ma- chine for spooling thread and manufactured the machines at New Worcester, 1843-45. This led to his invention of spinning machines for manu- facturing four-and six-cord tlnead, and he manu- factured cotton thread and warps at Silencer and Warren, Mass., 1847-53, and woollen goods, 1853- 59. He manufactured steam pumps under his own patents till 1860. His tape loom also proved pop- ular and remunerative. He was a representative in the Massachusetts legislature in 1862 and 1865 and a state senator in 1869. He died in Washing- ton. D.C., Feb. 25, 1884.
KNOWLTON, Charles, physician and author, was born in Templeton, Mass., in 1801 ; son of
Steplien and (Houghton) Knowlton. He was
graduated at Dartmouth (N.H.) Medical School in 1823, and married Tabitha Foster Stuart, daugh- ter of Richard Stuart, of Winchendon, Ma.ss. He settled in Ashfield, Mass., and attained a high reputation. He published Modern Maferialism (1829), and in 1833 a small book entitled Fruits of Philosophy, presenting a remedy for the danger pointed out by John Malthus, and before him by Plato, Aristotle, Hume, and Benjamin Franklin. This publication subjected Dr. Knowlton to sev- ere criticism, and imprisonment for three months. In 18T6 Annie Besant and Charles Bradlaugh re- l^ublished it, in England, with additions. Mr. Bradlaugh was sentenced to six months' imprison- ment and a fine of £200, but on appeal the penal- ties were remitted. Dr. Knowlton died in Win- chendon. Mass., in 1850.
KNOWLTON, Frank Hall, botanist, was born at Brandon, "Vt., Sept. 2, 1800. He was graduated at Middlebury college, Vt., in 1884. He was an assistant in the botanical department of the U.S. National museum, 1884-87 ; assistant cura- tor 1887-89 ; and professor of botany in Colum- bia university, 1887-96. In 1889 he spent six months in New Mexico, Arizona and California as assistant jjaleontologist of the U. S. geological survey. He had charge of the botanical work for the Standard Dictionary, for which he pre- pared about 25,000 definitions. He received the degree of Ph.D. from Columbian university in 1896, and that of M.S. from Middlebury college
in 1887. He was twice married : fii'st, Sept. 27,
1887, at Kingman, Kan., to Annie Sterling, daugh-
ter of William A. and LydiaMoorhead who died,
Jan. 6, 1890 ; and secondly, Oct. 3, 1893, to Rena
Genevieve, daughter of Isaac B. and Lizzie W.
Ruflf , of Laurel, Md. He was one of the editors of
the American Geologist and of The Plant World.
He was elected a member of the American Society
of Naturalists and a fellow of the American As-
sociation for the Advancement of Science in 1893,
also a fellow by the Geological Society of America
and the Washington Academy of Science. He is
the author of: Birds of Brandon, Vt. (1882);
Fossil Wood and Lignite of the Potomac Forma-
tion (1889); Fossil Wood of Arkansas (1890);
Fossil Flora of Alaska (1894); Catalogue of the
Cretaceous and Tertiary Plants of North America
(1898); Fossil Flora of the Yelloiostone National
Park (1899); Flora of the 3Iontana Formation
(1900), and contributions to scientific journals.
KNOWLTON, Helen flary, artist and writer, was born at Littleton, Mass., Aug. 16, 1832; daughter of John Stocker Coffin and Anna Wheeler (Hartwell) Knowlton, and grand- daughter of Daniel and Mary (Stocker) Knowlton, of Hopkinton, N.H., and of Deacon John and Anna (Wheeler) Hartwell, of Littleton, Mass. She studied art in Boston, Mass., under William Morris Hunt, and later with Frank Duyeneck. In 1867 she opened a studio in Boston. She exhibited cliarcoal-sketches, with landscapes and portraits in oil, in Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Chi- cago and London, and for thirty yeais taught classes in Bcston and at her home in Needham, Mass. She wrote for her fatlier's paper, and with her sisters edited and published it for several years after his death. She was art-critic on the staff of the Boston Post, 1879-92, and a frequent contributor to the Boston Transcript. Slie edited Talks on Art (2 vols., 1879), by Wil- liam M. Hunt, which she prepared from notes taken while under his instruction ; and is the author of : Hints for Pupils in Draioing and Paint- ing (1879), with illustrations from di'awings by William M. Hunt. She is also the author of : Tlie Art-Life of William Morris Hunt (1899), and a journal of artistic and psycliic experience, en- titled, Tlie Eternal Years.
KNOWLTON, John Stocker Coffin, editor, was born in Hopkinton, N.H., Dec. 11, 1798 ; son of Daniel and Mary (Stocker) Knowlton, and a descendant of Ezekiel Knowlton, who emigrated from England and settled in Manchester, Mass. He attended Hopkinton and Phillips Andover academies, and was graduated from Dartmouth college in 1823. He was married, Sept. 17, 1829, to Anna Wheeler Hartwell, of Littleton, Mass. He was editor and publisher of the Palladium, Worcester, Mass., 1830-71 ; was a state senator,
