Japan’s NEC. See Natalia A. Ramos Miranda, “Huawei Wants to Build First Fiber-Optic Cable Between South America and Asia,” Reuters, August 28, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-huawei-tech-chile/huawei-wants-to-build-first-fiber-optic-cable-between-south-america-and-asia-idUSKCN1VI2N2; and Sarah Zheng, “China’s Huawei Loses Out to Japan’s NEC on Chile-Asia Trans-Pacific Cable Project,” South China Morning Post, July 30, 2020, https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3095367/chinas-huawei-loses-out-japans-nec-chile-asia-trans-pacific.
115 Dan Yurman, “Argentina Reports $10 Billion Nuclear Deal with China,” Energy Central, May 25, 2019, https://energycentral.com/c/ec/argentina-reports-10b-nuclear-deal-china; “China Signs $15 Billion Nuclear Deal with Argentina,” Agence France-Presse, November 17, 2015; and “Brazil Looks to China to Finish Nuclear Power Plant,” Reuters, August 29, 2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/brazil-nuclear-china/brazil-looks-to-china-to-finish-nuclear-power-plant-idUSL2N1LF0WN.
116 Matt Ferchen, “China, Venezuela, and the Illusion of Debt-Trap Diplomacy,” AsiaGlobalOnline, August 16, 2018, https://carnegietsinghua.org/2018/08/16/china-venezuela-and-illusion-of-debt-trap-diplomacy-pub-77089.
117 Matt Ferchen, “China, Venezuela, and the Illusion of Debt-Trap Diplomacy.”
118 Ernesto Londoño, “From a Space Station in Argentina, China Expands Its Reach in Latin America,” The New York Times, July 28, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/28/world/americas/china-latin-america.html.
119 Larry Diamond and Orville Schell, eds., China’s Influence & American Interests: Promoting Constructive Vigilance.
120 Svea Herbst-Bayliss and Tim McLaughlin, “U.S. Pension Funds Took Positions in Blacklisted Chinese Surveillance Company,” Reuters, October 15, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hikvision-pensions-focus/u-s-pension-funds-took-positions-in-blacklisted-chinese-surveillance-company-idUSKBN1WU191; “Hikvision: US Pension Funds Invest in China ‘Big Brother’ Firm,” BBC News, March 29, 2019, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47753085 and RWR Advisory Group, LLC, “Chinese ‘Bad Actor’ Enterprises in State Public Pension Systems.”
121 Edward Wong, Lara Jakes, and Steven Lee Myers, “U.S. Orders China to Close Houston Consulate, Citing Efforts to Steal Trade Secrets,” The New York Times, July 22, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/22/world/asia/us-china-houston-consulate.html.
122 For recent examples, see U.S. Department of Justice, “University of Kansas Researcher Indicted for Fraud for Failing to Disclose Conflict of Interest with Chinese University”; and “Harvard University Professor and Two Chinese Nationals Charged in Three Separate China Related Cases.”
123 China extends its “long arm” of authoritarianism to punish Chinese students studying in the United States who express dissent or otherwise exercise free speech. For example, in July 2019, Chinese police in Wuhan reportedly arrested Luo Daiqing, a University of Minnesota student on summer break who, according to a Chinese court document, “used his Twitter account to post more than 40 comments denigrating a national leader’s image and indecent pictures.” Luo was reportedly sentenced to six months in prison. See Bethany Allen-Ebrahimian, “University of Minnesota Student Jailed in China Over Tweets,” Axios, January 23, 2020, https://www.axios.com/china-arrests-university-minnesota-twitter-e495cf47-d895-4014-9ac8-8dc76aa6004d.html.
124 Tamar Lewin, “Taking More Seats on Campus, Foreigners Also Pay the Freight,” The New York Times, February 4, 2012, https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/05/education/international-students-pay-top-dollar-at-us-colleges.html; Paul Musgrave, “Universities Aren’t Ready for Trade War Casualties,” Foreign Policy, May 19, 2018, https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/05/19/universities-arent-ready-for-trade-war-casualties-china-trump-us/; and Elizabeth Redden, “Will Coronavirus Trigger an Enrollment Crisis?” Inside Higher Ed, February 13, 2020, https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2020/02/13/longer-coronavirus-crisis-persists-bigger-likely-impact-chinese-student-enrollments.
