HEBSCH£L. 2a line (q.v.), he continued his researclics. He wns knighted by George 111., and made a D.C.L. by the University of Oxford; he boiaine rich, piirlly through his wife's jointure, and partly through selling mirrors for relloeling telesfoi)es. He died at .'Plough, August 2.3. 1H22. Uersehcl contributed sixty-nine papers to- tho Philosophiml Tniiisactions between the years 1780 an<l 181.5, and to the first volume of Me- moirs of Ihe Aslrouomical Socicly he contributed a paper, "On the Places of 145 Xew Double Stars." He greatly added to our l<nuwlc<lge of the solar system; he discovered l'ranis and six satellites, and two satellites of Saturn. Besides this, he determined the period of ri)tation of Saturn and that of Venus, the existence of the motions of binary stars, the first revelation of systems be- sides our own. He threw new light on the Milky Way and the constitution of'nebulie. and, in fact, was the first to give the human mind any con- ception of the immensity of the universe. When in 1780 he began his researches, less than 1.50 nebuhr were known, but as a result of his obser- vations the nuud>er increased to nearly '2500, and through him the nebuhe acquired a new impor- tance in the universe. He advanced, in the earlier period of his researches, the theory that the nebuhe were clusters of stars, the component stars being too faint, on account of their inunense distance, to be seen separately. For the e.xpla- nal ion of some of the nebula;, among them the nebuhe of Orion, he, however, reverted to the old theory, that the nebuhe were masses composed of a shining lluid of a nature unknown to us. His catalogue of double stars, nebuhe. etc., and tables of the comparative brightness of stars, and his researches in regard to light and heat, would of themselves entille him to the first rank as an astrimomer and nliysicist. He erected a monster reflecting telescope, as it was then considered, of 40 feet focal length and 4-foot apertures. U was begun in 1785 and finished in 178!), on Augu.st 28th of which year he, by means of it, detected the sixth salellile of Saturn, and on the 17th of September a seventh. Consult Ilolden. .Sir Wil- liam Uersehcl: His Life and Works (Xew York, 1881). HEBSCSELL, r. i!Kn. l.ord (lS:i7-nn). An English lawyer and pcditician. After complet- ing his education at Hoiui and University College, London, he entered at the l)ar in ISOO. and in twelve years was Queen's counsel. He was re- corder of Carlisle in 187:1-80. member of Parlia- ment for Durham (1874-85), Solicitor-General under Gladstone (1880), and was knighted the same year. He was raised to the peerage six years later and made T.ord Chancellor. He was president of the royal commission to inquire into the proceedings of the Metropolitan Board of Works (18SR). and once more Lord Chancellor in 1892. He died in Washington. D. C, while serving as chairman of the Anglo-American Joint High Commission. HERSENT, .ar's-iN', Lon.s ( 1777-lSfiO). A French historical painter, born in Paris. He studied under Rcgnault and David, and won the Prix de Bome in 1707. In 1817 he attracted some attention by his "Daphnis et Chloe." His best picture. "L'abdication de Gustave Wasa" (1819), painted shortly afterwards, was de- stroyed. Several nf his works are at Versailles. After 1824 he painted principally portraits, such HERTEB. as those of the Due d'AngoulPme, Louis Philippe, and tjueen Anifdie. Hersent is an excellent rep- resentative of the classic school of David. HEBSFELD, hfrs'folt. An ancient town in the Prussian Province of Hesso-Nassau. situated on the Fulda, 23 miles hy rail from Fuhia (Map: Prussia, C 3). It still retains a portion of its old fortifications, and contains an ohl church dating from the thirteenth century; the ruins of a collegiate ehvirch, originally built in Ihe elev- enth and twelfth centuries, and destroyed by the French in 1701 ; the remains of the Benedictine Abbey of Hersfeld ; and an old Bathaiis. There are manufactures of cloth, cotton goods, and leather. The Abbey of Hersfeld, founded in 770, by Lullus, Archbishop of Mainz, enjoyed great renown through the Middle Ages. Population, in 18110, 0758; in 1900, 7908. HEBSTAL, her'stiU, or HERISTALL. . manufacturing and mining place in the Province of Li&ge, Belgium, extending along the left b;ink of the Meuse for about three miles imnu-diately below the city of Li&ge, of which it may he con- sidered a suburb ( Map : Belgium, D 4 ) . It has ex- tensive metal-works and coal-mines in the vicin- ity; its population is made up chiefly of the workingmen employed in the mills and mines. Some ruins still exist of the Castle of llerstal, the birthplace of Pepin le Gros (father of Charles Ahirtcl. and great-grandfather of Charlemagne), from which lie has his title of Pepin of Herstal. Population, in 1S90, 13,877; in 1900, 18,105. HERTEL, hOr'td, Alrert (1843—). A (Ger- man ])aintcr, born in Berlin. He studied at the Berlin Academy, where he became professor in 1875, and of which he was elected a member in 1901. His landscapes are notable for stylo and fine coloring; among them are: "The Via Flaminia" (1872) ; "Olive Harvest in Capri" (1872); "After the Storm on the Coast of Genoa" (1878) and "Northern Coast Scene with Fishermen Returning" (18S3). both in the Na- tional Gallery. Berlin; "Road Between Rapallo and Santa Margherita" (1892, bought hy Em- peror William II.) ; and "View in the Roman Campagna" (1896). He also painted decorative subjects. HERTEL DE ROtTVILLE, .Irtel' de roo'v.'l', Francis ( lli43-1722 ) . A Canadian soldier, born in Three Rivers, Maurice County, Quebec. As a woodsman and Indian fighter he was widely known for valor and resourcefulness. Captured by the Iroquois in 1081, he bore various tortures with such fortitude that, instciul of being put to death, he was adopted by the tril)e. After a time, however, he escaped from the Indians and rejoined his comrades. Acting as one of Fron- tenae's lieutenants in 1690, he ravaged settle- ments in the lower part of Maine, escaped by adroitness from the greatly superior force of the English colonists, and united with the band at- tacking Falmouth, now Portland, where his strategy- aided in the speedy capture of the vil- lage. Louis XIV. promi.sed to reward him with letters of nobility, which he did not receive, however, until twenty-six years afterwards. HERTER, ALnERT (1871—). An American figure painter, born in New York City. He stud- ied at the .'rt Students' League there and at Connan's, and under .T. P. Laurens in Paris. Afterwards he traveled in Japan, and was influ-
