essential to ensure that the activities and messages of all forces and agencies are synchronized to achieve national objectives. Methods of Attack
1-20. Adversaries may use several
methods to attack friendly C2 systems
and INFOSYS, or shape the information
environment in their favor. The
nature of the information environment
makes such attacks hard to detect.
Some attacks, such as corrupting databases
or controlling programs, can be
designed with delayed effects. Others
may employ immediate actions to degrade or destroy information nodes. Possible
attacks are called incidents. An incident is an assessed event of attempted
entry, unauthorized entry, or an information attack on an automated
information system. It includes unauthorized probing and browsing;
disruption or denial of service; altered or destroyed input, processing, storage,
or output of information; or changes to information system hardware,
firmware, or software characteristics with or without the users knowledge, instruction,
or intent (JP 3-13).
1-21. Unauthorized Access. Unauthorized access is designed to gain
information from, insert data into, modify data stored within, or delete data
from C2 systems. Individuals can log on to military networks, such as local
area networks, from the Internet. Firewalls (software that provides network
security) exist to prevent this. However, if a firewall is penetrated, the C2
system is penetrated. Unauthorized access need not originate from the Internet
and proceed through a firewall breach. A person with physical access to a
terminal connected to a C2 system (an insider) can gain unauthorized access.
1-22. Malicious Software. Inserting malicious software causes a computer
to operate in a manner other than that intended by its users. Malicious software
includes computer viruses, logic bombs, and programs designed to bypass
protective programs. Files downloaded from the Internet may contain
viruses that disrupt software or corrupt databases.
1-23. Electromagnetic Deception. Electromagnetic deception is the
deliberate radiation, reradiation, alteration, suppression, absorption, denial,
enhancement, or reflection of electromagnetic energy in a manner intended
to convey misleading information to an enemy or to enemy electromagneticdependent
weapons, thereby, degrading or neutralizing the enemy’s combat
capability. Among the types of electromagnetic deception are manipulative
electromagnetic deception, simulative electromagnetic deception, and imitative
electromagnetic deception (JP 3-51).
• Manipulative electromagnetic deception comprises actions to eliminate
revealing, or convey misleading, electromagnetic telltale indicators
that may be used by hostile forces (JP 3-51). If not properly identified,
manipulative electromagnetic deception may result in false information
.signals, radiation, or data.being passed through the intelligence
analysts, to the commander. Adversaries may pass inaccurate or
Text Box: Methods of Attack
· Unauthorized access
· Malicious software
· Electromagnetic deception
· Electronic attack
· Physical destruction
· Perception management
