Submerged Forests

by Clement Reid

The Cambridge Manuals of Science and Literature

 

SUBMERGED FORESTS

 

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
London: FETTER LANE, E.C.
C. F. CLAY, Manager

Edinburgh: 100, PRINCES STREET
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Bombay and Calcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd.

 

All rights reserved

Buried Forest seen at low water at Dove Point, on the Cheshire coast

SUBMERGED
FORESTS

BY

CLEMENT REID, F.R.S.

Cambridge:
at the University Press
1913

 

Cambridge:
PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A.
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

 

With the exception of the coat of arms at the foot, the design on the title page is a reproduction of one used by the earliest known Cambridge printer, John Siberch, 1521

 

PREFACE

KNOWLEDGE cannot be divided into compartments, each given a definite name and allotted to a different student. There are, and always must be, branches of knowledge in which several sciences meet or have an interest, and these are somewhat liable to be neglected. If the following pages arouse an interest in one of the by-ways of science their purpose has been fulfilled.

C. R.

February 17, 1913.

 

CONTENTS

CHAP.

PAGE

1. Preface ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   v

1. I.

   Introductory ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   1

1. II.

   The Thames Valley ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   11

1. III.

   The East Coast ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   19

1. IV.

   The Dogger Bank ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   39

1. V.

   The Irish Sea and the Bristol Channel ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   50

1. VI.

   The English Channel ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   64

1. VII.

   Cornwall and the Atlantic Coast ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   80

1. VIII.

   Summary ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   105

1. Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   122

1. Index ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   125

 

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG.

PAGE

1. Buried Forest seen at low-water at Dove Point, on the Cheshire coast. (From the Cambridge County Geography of Cheshire) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   frontispiece

1. 1.

   Diagram to show the relations of the Submerged Forests to the sea-level ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   7

1. 2.

   Section at Tilbury Docks ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   14

1. 3.

   Section across the Humber between Hessle and Barton ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   36

1. 4.

   Approximate Coast-line at the period of the lowest Submerged Forest ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   40