The Pima Indians/Linguistics/Songs/Archaic songs

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4550480The Pima IndiansLinguistics1908Frank Russell

LINGUISTICS

Songs

ARCHAIC SONGS

[Told by Kâʼmâl tkâk, Thin Leather]

Creation Songs by Earth Doctor

THE CREATION OF THE EARTH

I

Tcuwutu
Earth
Makai
Magician.
tcuwutu
earth
natâ
make
miaku
come.
nyuĭta
see
hasĭtco-onyĭ!
what you intend!
(Repeat)

*
Sikâlamû
Round
natâ
make
miaku
come,
nyuĭuta
see
(D.C. to *)


Tcuwutu
Earth
Makai
Magician
tâʌakû
mountain
natâ
make
miakukâ,
come,
nyuĭta
see
hasiyaña!
what you tell!

Tapĭnyĭmû
Smooth
natâ
make
miakukâ,
come,
nyuĭta
see
hasiyaña!
what you tell!
(D.C. to †)

II

Tcuwutu
Earth
Makai
Doctor
tcuwutu
earth
natâ;
make;
Tcuwutu
Earth
Makai
Magician
tcuwutu
earth
natâ,
make,
himlo,
going,
himlo,
going,
himlo,
going,
himutco-o.
going (causal).
(Repeat)

*
Tcuwutu
Earth
Makai
Doctor
tâvʼa
mountain
ku
kind of
natâ;
make;
Tcuwutu
Earth
Makai
Doctor
tâvakû
mountain
natâ,
make,
himlo,
going,
himlo,
going,
himlo,
going,
himutco-o.
going.
(D.C. to *)

III

Tcuwutu
Earth
tapa
open
sihaitconyoka-ana:
magician

Tâvañgû
Mountain
tapa
open
sitco
magic
mamatcu-u.
powers knows.

Translation

Earth Magician shapes this world.
Behold what he can do!
Round and smooth he molds it.
Behold what he can do!
Earth Magician makes the mountains.
Heed what he has to say.
He it is that makes the mesas.
Heed what he has to say.
Earth Magician shapes this world.
Earth Magician makes its mountains;
Makes all larger, larger, larger.
Into the earth the Magician glances;
Into its mountains he may see.

IV

THE CREATION OF THE SUN

Vanyĭñgi
I am
Tarsaiwu
Sun
natâkahĭ;
made;
vanyĭñgi
I am
Tarsai
Sun
natâkahĭ,
made,
hiyanyi
here me
tamai
above
ya-ahai
both
punanaitco-o.
directions throw.
(Repeat)

*
Si-ĭyaldĭ
East
takĭo
direction
wopahimû
throw
kahowu
there
taitcunyu
rise running
sapâva mununa-a.
right running back.
(D.C. to *)

Translation

I have made the Sun!
I have made the Sun!
Hurling it high
in the four directions.
To the East I threw it
To run its appointed course.

V

THE CREATION OF THE MOON

Vanyĭñgi
I am
Marsatû
Moon
natâkahĭ;
make;
vanyĭñgi
I am
Marsatû
Moon
natâkahĭ;
make;
hiyanyi
here me
tamai
above
ya-ahai
both
punanaitco-o.
directions throw
(Repeat)

*
Si-ĭyaldĭ
East
takĭŏ
direction
wopahimu
throw
kahowa
there
tcursanyuku
came up
sapâva
correct
himuna-a.
come.
(D.C. to *)

Translation

I have made the Moon!
I have made the Moon!
Hurling it high
in the four directions.
To the East I threw it
To run its appointed course.

VI

THE CREATION OF THE STARS

Vanyĭñgi
I am
Yo-ohowu
Stars
natâ;
make;
vanyĭñgi
I am
Yo-ohowu
Stars
natâ,
make,
tamaiwu
above
nañgĭta
throw
tcuwutu
earth
mamasi-i.
light.
(Repeat)

*
Vanyĭñgi
I am
wus
all
aitco
things
natâ
make
tamaiwu
above
nañgĭta
throw
tcufhutu
hand
tânâli-i.
shines.
(D.C. to *)

Translation

I have made the Stars!
I have made the Stars!
Above the earth I threw them.
All things above I've made
And placed them to illumine.

Flood Songs by Earth Doctor

THE WARNING OF THE FLOOD

Haya,
Weep
rsâ-âhĭñgu
pitiable
nyhu-umatcita
me people
tcomuñgâ
you will
wu-uwusi
wll
nyuĭnahi-imu;
see happen;
haya,
weep,
rsâ-âhĭñgu
pitiable
nyhu-umatcita
me people
tcomuñgâ
you will
wu-uwusi
all
nyuĭnahi-imu.
see happen.
Kosiʽna
That
rso-otaki
water
kosina
that
tcutcuwuʇu
land
vamohai-i.
dissolve.
(Repeat)

*
Haya,
Weep,
rsâ-âhiñgu
pitiable
nyha-atconyi
my relatives
tcomuñgâ
you will
wu-uwusi
all
mamatcu-u;
learning;
haya,
weep,
rsâ-âhiñgu
pitiable
nyha-atconyi
my relatives
tcomuñgâ
you will
wu-uwusi
all
mamatcu-u.
learning.
Kosina
That
rso-otaki
water
kosina
that
tâtâvaku
mountain
vamohai-i.
dissolve.
(Repeat to *)

Translation

Weep my unfortunate people!
All this you will see take place.
Weep my unfortunate people!
For the waters will cover the land.
Weep my unhappy relatives!
You will learn all.
Weep my unhappy relatives!
You will learn all.
The waters will cover the mountains

THE PEOPLE CLIMBING SUPERSTITION MOUNTAIN

Haiya!
Aha!
haiya!
Aha!
vina,
Flood,
vina,
flood,
hai-iya!
Aha!
Punha
Remember
rsâhika
pitiable
tconyihi-i,
making.
haiya!
Aha!
haiya!
Aha!
vina,
Flood,
vina,
flood,
hai-iya!
Aha!
Punha
Remember
rsâhika
pitiable
tconyihi-i.
making.
Hamai
Here
pa-apaitcomhi
before me
nyhu-umatcita
me people
rsâhika
pitiable
himuna-a.
going.
(Repeat)

Translation

Haiya! Haiya! Flood! Flood! Hai-iya!
See the doom awaiting them!
Haiya! Haiya! Flood! Flood! Hai-iya!
Here are my doomed people before me.

Flood Songs by South Doctor

ON SUPERSTITION MOUNTAIN BEFORE THE FLOOD

Rsonañgi
Water
tcuwuʇu
land
vamohai-i;
dissolve;
rsonañgi
water
nyuwutu
land
vamohai-i,
dissolve,
kundañgu
in
makaiva
magician
sihaitco-o
powerful
rsonañgi
water
nanakâ
experimenting
tconyihi-imu.
making.

Rsonañgi
Water
tâvaku
mountain
vamohai-i;
dissolve;
rsonañgi
water
tâvaku
mountain
vamohai-i,
dissolve,
kundañgu
in
Nasiavâ
Nasi
sitco-omai-i
understand
rsonañgi
water
nanakâ
experimenting
wowoi-hi-mu.
toward-going
(Repeat)

Kakânda
Crooked
ku
kind
tâtâvañgu
of mountain
ta-atama
top
nanyolĭnaka
I stay
rso-otaki
water
yomahi-imu.
disperse.
(Repeat)

Ta-atama
Top
nayolĭnaka
I stay
rso-otaki
water
yomahi-imu.
disperse.
(Repeat)

Translation

The waters dissolve the land!
The waters dissolve the land!
The mighty magician tests his strength.
The waters dissolve the mountains!
The waters dissolve the mountains!
Nasi foresees what is coming.

On Crooked mountain I am standing,
Trying to disperse the water.
On Crooked mountain I am standing,
Trying to disperse the water.

BEFORE THE PEOPLE TURNED TO STONE ON SUPERSTITION MOUNTAIN

Sihaitcohâ!
Powerless!
Sihaitcohâ!
Powerless!
Nyhânaka
My magic
wuwuma
crystal with
sihaitcohâ!
powerless!
Wuwuma
With
siamhu
right
nyhâtaitco.
petrify.
(Repeat)

And again he sang before they became petrified:

Translation

Powerless! Powerless!
Powerless is my magic crystal.
Powerless! Powerless!
I shall become as stone.

Flood Songs by Elder Brother

IN HIS OLLA BEFORE THE FLOOD

I

Tcokoi
Black
vavahaki!
house!
tcokoi
black
vavahaki!
house!
Ku-unʇa
In
nyi
I
yolina.
hold.
Kuʇa
In
nyi
I
yolĭnha-a
stay
wu-umatci
with
yahai
to and fro
nyimitco-o.
I go
(Repeat)

Translation

Black house! Black house! Hold me safely in;
Black house! Black house! Hold me safely in,
As I journey to and fro, to and fro.

II

THE FLOOD

Rsotaki
Water
mutu-u!
running!
rsotaki
water
mutuka!
running!
Muʇava
In
putanyû,
sounding,
tamaiʌukatcima
top laying
tcuvaki
cloud
parsa
near by
pa-anyhimitco.
on there I borne.

Rsotaki
Water
mutu-u!
running!
rsotaki
water
mutuka!
running!
Muʇava
In
rsarsavai,
roaring,
tamaiʌukatcima
top laying
hononyi
evening
parsa
near by
pa-anyhimitco.
on there I borne.
(Repeat)

Translation

Running water! Running water! Herein resounding,
As on the clouds I am carried to the sky.
Running water! Running water! Herein roaring,
As on the clouds I am carried to the sky.

III

COMING FROM HIS OLLA AFTER THE FLOOD

Hianyai
Here I
worsunyu;
came out;
hianyai
here I
worsunyu-u,
came out,
sihai nyoka
magician
hiayai
here I
worsunyu
came out
sihai tcoka-a.
magician.
Hianyai
Here I
worsunyu;
came out;
Hianyai
Here I
worsunyu-u,
came out,
sitco matcu
magical powers
hianyai
here I
worsunyu
came out
sitco matcu-u.
magical powers

Hianyai
Here I
worsunyu-u
came out
sihai nyoka;
magician;
hianyai
here I
worsunyu
came out
sihai tcoka-a.
magician.

Hianyai
Here I
worsunyu-u
came out
sitco matcû
magical know
hianyai
here I
worsunyu
came out
sitco matcu-u.
magical know.
(Repeat)

Tânyo
Who I
wumû;
with;
tanyo
who I
wuma
with
kukiʌa.
stand.
Sundai
Who
wumû,
with,
sundai
who
wu
with
tahiwa.
sit.

Itañgu nyo-osihaka
This my cane
wuma
with
kukiwa.
stand.
Itañgu
This
nyâ-âtahaka
my crystal
wu
with
tahiwa.
sit.
(Repeat)

Translation

Here I come forth! Here I come forth!
With magic powers I emerge.
Here I come forth! Here I come forth!
With magic powers I emerge.

I stand alone! Alone!
Who will accompany me?
My staff and my crystal
They shall bide with me.

Post-Flood Songs by Elder Brother

AT THE CENTRAL PART OF THE EARTH

Kaʇu
There
nyutva
I
worsa
came
hikû
navel
nyuwundû
land
vanyuina;
I see;
katu
there
nyutva
I
worsa
came
hikû
navel
nyuwundû
land
vanyuina.
I see
(Repeat)

*
Kaʇu
There
nyutva
I
worsa
came
hikû
navel
navañgû
mountain
vanyuina;
I see;
katu
there
nyutva
I
worsa
came
hikû
navel
navañgu
mountain
vanyuina.
I see.
(Repeat to *)

Translation

Here I have come to the center of the earth;
Here I have come to the center of the earth.
I see the central mountain;
I see the central mountain.

CLIMBING THE CLIFFS TO ATTACK EAGLE

Kand
Up
vavai
steep bank
tapĭnymû,
smooth,
kand
up
vavai
steep bank
tapĭnymû.
smooth.
Kand
Up
vavai
steep bank
tapĭnymû,
smooth
kand
up
vavai
steep bank
tapĭnymû.
smooth.
Vâpăt
Points
tcotcoa
stick
kâĭnatca
after
himuna.
going.
(Repeat)

Kand
Up
vavai
stone
napĭnymû,
smooth;
kand
up
vavai
stone
napĭnymû,
smooth,
vâpăt
points
tcotcoa
stick
kâĭnatca
after
himuna.
going.
(Repeat)

Tanyĭ
I am
tâhai
white
I-itâĭ,
Elder
Brother,
tanyĭ
I am
tâhai
white
I-itâĭ,
Elder
Brother.

Tanyĭ
I am
tâhai
white
Litâĭ,
Elder
Brother,
tanyĭ
I am
tâhai
white
Litâĭ.
Elder
Brother.

Va-asĭf
Leafless
tcotcoa
stick
kâĭnaka
after
himuna.
walking.
(Repeat)
(Repeat both lines twice)

Translation

Up the cliff, steep and smooth,
Up the cliff, steep and smooth,
Up the cliff, steep and smooth,
Climbs Elder Brother
With his shining power.
Up the cliff, steep and smooth,
Up the cliff, steep and smooth,
He climbs step by step.

ELDER BROTHER AS A FLY

Song sung by Elder Brother as he concealed himself in the form of a fly

Himovali
(?)
movali
fly
moko,
die,
himovali
(?)
movali
fly
moko.
die.
Hivanytâ
I will
sikâsiimo,
sleep,
hivanytâ
I will
sikâsiimo.
sleep.
(Repeat)

Himovali
(?)
moko,
die,
hivanytâ
I will
sikâsiimo,
sleep,
hivanytâ
I will
sikâsiimo.
sleep.
(Repeat)
Tcinyny.
Buzz-z

Translation

Himovali! Die fly! Himovali! Die fly!
I shall sleep! I shall sleep!
Himovali! Let die! I am drowsy.
I will sleep! Buzz-z.

Song sung by the Eagle's wife to put him to sleep

Haya
(?)
yakahai
(?)
yahai
(?)
mo,
(?)
haya
(?)
yakahai
(?)
mo,
(?)
hovanytâ
I
sikâsiimo,
sleep,
hovanytâ
I
sikâsiimo.
sleep.
Haya
(?)
yakahai
(?)
mo,
(?)
hovanytâ
I
sikâsiimmo,
sleep,
hovanytâ
I
sikâsiimo.
sleep.
(Repeat)

Translation

Haya yakahai yahai mo! Haya yakahai mo!
I am sleepy, I am sleepy.
Haya yakahai yahai mo! I am sleepy.

Destruction of Hâ-âk

As they prepare to destroy the female monster, Hâ-âk, Elder Brother and the people sing together

I

Tâ-ânunâma
Dazzling power
Lᴉtâĭ
Elder Brother
hՈwuli
sinds
voponak
tie
nyuhûna.
singing.
Amunyu
Then sing
mulivak
came swiftly
wu-umany
together
voponak
tie,
nyu-uhûnaʼ.
singing.

II

Kovakovɐ,
(?)
kovakovɐ,
(?)
kovakovɐ,
(?)
kovakovɐ.
(?)
Iyali
Great
Moahanañ
Moʼhatûk[1]
inamnyu-una.
top singing.
Kovakovɐ,
(?)
kovakovɐ.
(?)

Translation

Dazzling power has Elder Brother,
Mastering the winds with song.
Swiftly now we come together,
Singing to secure control.

Kovakovɐ, kovakovɐ,
Kovakovɐ, kovakovɐ.
Singing on the summit
Of great Moʼhatûk mountain.

III

Anayokûna,
(?)
anayokûna,
(?)
hayokûna.
(?)
Tcu-unarsatʽ,[2]
(?)
yâvatcukĭ;
cigarette;
kâsinakon
sleep-inducing
yâvatcuki.
cigarette.
Anayokûna,
(?)
anayokûna,
(?)
hayokûna.
(?)

IV

Ala
This
wus
all
moʼ-omok
sharps
tâtâvaka
mountains
tciʼpia
moving
miʼak
near
âvaɟiaña
their well
miʼak
near
âtʼcupaña.
having mortar

V

Vaɟ
Steep bank
wutama
on
vopahimû.
throw.
Vaɟ wutama
(Repeat)
vopahimû.
Vaɟ
wutama
vopahimû.

Tcutcunoñi
Blue (or green)
koʼkovoli
owl
sisʼvûnûka-a.
having brightest.
Vaɟ wutama
Steep bank
vopahimû.
under throw.
Vaɟ wutama
(Repeat)
vopahimû.

Translation

Anayokûna, anayokûna, hayokûna.
Sacred pipe of Tcu-unarsatʽ,
Sleep-inducing sacred pipe.
Anayokûna, anayokûna, hayokûna.

Hâ-âk flees from her pursuers.
But her spring and mortar stay.
Throw a great stone!
Throw a great stone!

The blue owl is brightest,
Throw a great stone!
The blue owl is brightest.
Throw a great stone.

Songs sung by Elder Brother and his followers in the Nether World

In the Nether World

I

Vatcikĭa
We
himu;
go;
vatcikia
we
himu;
go;
vatcikia
we
himu;
go;
vatcikia
we
himu.
go.
Huk
That
âsinyu
me
apu
pleases
kaʼna.
(?).
Hita
This
tuvavakĭ
home
ahiya
here
wunañitâ.
we leave.
Vatcikĭa
We
himu;
go;
vatcikĭa
we
himu;
go;
huk
that
âsinyu
me
apu
pleases
kaʼna.
(?)

Translation

We go, we go, we go, we go,
Happy we leave our homes,
We go happily we go.

II

Vatciʼki
We
mutdu;
run;
vatciki
we
mutdu.
run.
Vatciki
We
mutdu;
run;
vatciki
we
mutdu.
run.
Vatciki
We
munu;
run;
vatciki
we
munu.
run.
Hukâsinyâmu
That me pleases
kana.
(?).
Hita
This
tuyâitaka
our country
hiya.
here.
Vavoyŏk
To leave
vatciki
we
munu.
hasten.
Hukâsinyâmu
That me pleases
kana.
(?).

Translation

We run, we run, we run, we run.
Happy we leave our land;
With pleasure hence we hasten.

On Emergence from the Nether World

On their emergence upon the surface of the earth the Nether-world people danced together and with Elder Brother sang the following:

Itâvany
We thing
nyi
our
rsavikŭt
rattle
dawuwum
with
aworsanyu.
together.
(D.C.)

Inu
This
yatdâ
parrot
mɐmai
tails
gĭñgĭñ
waving
vâikŭ.
(?).

Itâvany
We thing
nyi
our
nyñnyĭrsa
(?)
awuwum
with
anyopinyu.
we went down.
(D.C.)

Ĭn
This
a yoku
(?)
mamai
tails
iyĭñyĭñ
waving
vâikû.
(?).

Kusi
Kind
tâhai
of white
tcUutcuwuta(r)
countries
tamai
on
tcitciviaka
come
nyuhunatci.
singing.

Vâpânama
Head-dresses
huwutda-a.
moving.
Kotca
We
wus
all
tcitciviaka.
come.
(D.C.)

Nyuhunatci
Singing
tconanyuka
dancing
tcutcuwutda
lands
tcu
shakes
nyu-u-u.
(?)

Kusi
Kind
tcokwe
of black
tâtâvaku
mountains
tamaitʽ
on
a-ahuka
all come
nyuhunatci
singing
sisivâta
head-dresses
moñuva-a.
waving.

Kotca
We
wus
all
sita-ahuka;
cherished;
kotca
we
wus
all
sita-ahuta.
cherished.

Nyuhunatci,
Singing,
tconayuka,
dancing,
tâtâvaku
mountains
kâvânyu-u.
rumbling.

Translation

Together we emerge with our rattles;
Together we emerge with our rattles,
Bright-hued feathers in our head-dresses.
With our nyñnyĭrsa we went down;
With our nyñnyĭrsa we went down,
Wearing Yoku feathers in our head-dresses.
This is the white land; we arrive singing,
Head-dresses waving in the breeze.
We have come! We have come!
The land trembles with our dancing and singing.
On these black mountains all are singing,
Head-dresses waving, head-dresses waving.
We all rejoice! We all rejoice!
Singing, dancing, the mountains trembling.

Songs of Elder Brother and his underworld supporters as they approached Casa Grande

I

Kan(d)ukai
Yonder
moki
dead
va-aki
habitation
ku-uka
standing.
amâ
There
va-aki
habitation
ta-amai
at that place
sivany
he runs
mumuda-aʼ,
about,
Sâ-âhamu
Yellow
maopanû
hands
kama
having
iko-osi-i-i.[3]
fabric.

Translation

Yonder stands the doomed habitation.
About the pueblo runs its frightened chieftain
In yellow garment with hand print decoration.

On Approaching Pueblos

As the underworld people approached Santan

Pipinû
Mud
havavahaki
their house
kutda
in
hamo-olina,
they stay,
pipinû
mud
havavahaki.
their house.

Kutda
In
maka
one having
power
hitcu,
see,
kotdena
he was
sinyu-
me
upuitâka
afraid
kutda
in
ahamo-olina.
they stay.

Pipinu
Mud
havavahaki
their house
kutda
in
maka
one having
power
hitcu.
see.

Translation

In their house of adobe they are staying;
Their chief with magic power fears me.
In their house of adobe we see their chief.

As they approached the village below Santan

Amu
Some will
vu-uhânyui-ita;
truly see;
amu
some will
vu-uhânyuita-a;
truly see;
hamânyui-i-iʼ.
some will see.

Kuhiyu
That
hukiva
old
mu-ulihâku
okatilla
rsâ-ânuka
fence
puva-aki
their house
nyui-iʼ.
see.

Translation

Some will truly see,
Some will truly see,
Will see their house
Behind the okatilla stockade.

As they approached Sweetwater

Katdu
There
kanyuvu-untdai
land
sikâmumâli;
plenty beads;
katdu
there
katcuvu-utdai
earth
sikâmumâli.
plenty beads.
Ku-u
The
place
nanyutâ-â
somebody
wo-orsai-iʼ.
come out
(Repeat from beginning)

Hamiva
There
yuna-a
place
nutâ-â-iʽ
somebody
wo-orsai-iʼ
came out
ku
his
nyi-inuita-a
soul
Kutânâli-i.
shines.
(Repeat)

Translation

There is the land of many beads,
There is the land of many beads.
Some one comes forth;
He knows what will befall him.

As they approached Casa Blanca

Kuisi
Very
kavuhuka;
difficult;
kuisi
very
kawuhuku,
difficult,
vavahaki
house
kutda
there
makahi
magic
power
tcu-uʼ.
see.

Translation

It will be difficult,
It will be difficult,
To capture this pueblo
With its magic power.

As they approached Vulture's home

Havaʼnyĭ
Raven
yali
child
nyanga,
saying,
Havaʼnyĭ
Raven
yali
child
nya-aka,
me call.
tânâlikû
brightness
nanavai-i.
glitter.
(D.C.)

*
Hiyanyi
Here me
yamu
there
nyuita
see
tânâlikû
brightness
konyonyoĭ.
mirage.
(D.C. to *)

Above Gila Crossing

Nanyiki
I am
va-aho
?
mɐkai
magician
hiyanyĭ
here me
worsanyuk
arose
himuna
went
Tcunarsan
Tcunarsat
yâvatcu
cigarette
yoahana
holding
hukatcĭ
with
nâmaiina
my enemy
siamu
correct
kokomaiʌoaki-i.
incantation.
Nanyiki
I am
vi-ikiho
soft feather
mɐkai
magician
hiyanyi
here me
worsanyuk
arose
himuna
went
kâsikun
sedative
yâvatcu
cigarette
yoahana
holding
hukatcĭ
with
nâmaiina
my enemy
siâmû
right
kâkanasi-i.
make sleep.

Hiyanyi
Here me
worsanyuk
arose
himuna
went
Tcunarsan
Tcunarsat
vâvatcu
cigarette
yoahana
holding
hukatcĭ
with
nâmaiina
my enemy
siâmu
correct
kokomaiʌoaki-i.
incantation.
Hiyanyi
Here me
worsanyuk
arose
himuna
went
kasikŭn
sedative
âvwatcu
cigarette
yoahana
holding
hukatcĭ
with
namaiina
my enemy
siâmu
correct
kâkâ-âsi-i.
make sleep.

At Mesa

Halisi
Small
tcu-unâki
blue
pahaka
eagle
pahivwoa.
puts tail on
Halisi
Small
tcu-unâki
blue
pahañgu
eagle
pagivwoa
put tail on
tcuvwuna
land
s-utpava
middle
worsanu-u.
came out.
(D.C.)

Hiyanyi
Here me
paiitcomi
before me
yahaiiʌa
to and fro
kukivwa
stand
tâvanyi
it was
yosiañga
my cane
hukio
already
simamatcu-u.
know.

Between Tempe and Phoenix

Hamu
Some will
vanyuitahimu
you look for
hamanyu
there me
tâtahivwoaka
sit
nyuitahimu
you look for
hamuka
you will
nyuinahi.
you look for.
(D.C.)

Rsâhiku
Pitiable
nâpahɐi
enemy
tunâtaku-u
crazy
hamuka
you will
pumuihi-i.
take

Rsâhiku
Pitiable
nâpahɐi
enemy
tunavamo-o
drunken
hamuka
you will
pumuihi-i.
take.


  1. Moʼhatûk, Greasy mountain, between the Gila and Salt rivers near their confluence. It is supposed to be the home of Elder Brother.
  2. Tcu-unarsatʽ is the name of a former Pueblo chief who lived near Moʼhatûk mountain.
  3. Iko-osi-i-iʼ is for iks, meaning almost any textile fabric.