Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute/Volume 32

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE

TRANSACTIONS

AND

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE,

1899

VOL. XXXII.

(Fifteenth of New Series)

EDITED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE INSTITUTE

By

SIR JAMES HECTOR, K.C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S.

Director

Issued June, 1900

WELLINGTON

JOHN MACKAY, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

KEGAN, PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER & CO., PATERNOSTER HOUSE,
CHARING CROSS ROAD, LONDON

CONTENTS.

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TRANSACTIONS.

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I.—Zoology.
			PAGES.
Art.	I.	Zoological Results of Trawling Trials off the Coast of Otago. By Professor W. B. Benham, D.Sc, M.A., F.Z.S.	1–3
	II.	Note on Cordyceps sinclairii, Berkeley. By Professor Benham	4–8
	III.	Note on the Occurrence of the Genus Balanoglossus in New Zealand Waters. By Professor Benham	9–10
	IV.	Notes on Macro-lepidoptera observed during the Summer of 1898–99. By G. V. Hudson, F.E.S.	10–12
	V.	Note on the Fresh-water Crayfishes of New Zealand. By Charles Chilton, M.A., D.Sc, M.B., CM., F.L.S., Research Fellow, University of Edinburgh	13–17
	VI.	Description of a New Species of Halictus (Andrenidæ), from Christchurch, New Zealand. By P. Cameron. Communicated by Captain Hutton	17–19
	VII.	Notes on some New Zealand Orthoptera. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S.	19–21
	VIII.	Note on Paryphanta lignaria. By Captain F. W. Hutton	22
	IX.	On the Tipulidæ, or Crane-flies, of New Zealand. By Captain F. W. Hutton	22–51
	X.	On Hereditary Knowledge. By Richard Henry. Communicated by Sir J. Hector	51–52
	XI.	On the Probable Origin of Notornis mantelli, and its Extinction in New Zealand. By Richard Henry. Communicated by Sir J. Hector	53–54
	XII.	On Tuberculosis in Pheasants in Wanganui. By S. H. Drew, F.L.S.	54–56
	XIII.	Crossing with the Muscovy Duck. By Coleman Phillips	56
II.—Botany.
	XIV.	Revised List of New Zealand Seaweeds: Part I. By Robert M. Laing, B.Sc.	57–70
	XV.	On New Lichens from Australia and New Zealand. By James Stirton, M.D., F.L.S,, &c. Communicated by T. W. Naylor Beckett, F.L.S.	70–82
	XVI.	An Inquiry into the Seedling Forms of New Zealand Phanerogams and their Development. By L. Cockayne	83–94
	XVII.	A Sketch of the Plant Geography of the Waimakariri River Basin, considered chiefly from an Geological Point of View. By L. Cockayne	95–136
	XVIII.	Notes on the New Zealand Musci. By Robert Brown	137–148
	XIX.	Notes on the New Zealand Musci: On a Proposed New Genus. By Robert Brown	148–149
	XX.	On the Vegetative Organs of Haastia pulvinaris. By Miss E. Low, B.A. Communicated by Professor A. Dendy, D.Sc.	150–157
		Corrigenda in Art. XX. on separate slip, to face page	157
III.—Geology.
	XXI.	The Geological History of New Zealand. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S.	159–183
	XXII.	On the Geology of the District between Napier and Puketitiri. By H. Hill, F.G.S.	183–188
	XXIII.	On the Volcanoes of the Pacific. By Coleman Phillips	188–212
	XXIV.	Castle Rock, Coromandel. By J. M. Maclaren	213–215
	XXV.	Description of some New Species of Pliocene Mollusca from the Wanganui District, with Notes on other Described Species. By R. Murdoch	216–221
	XXVI.	On the Nelson Boulder Bank. By W. F. Worley	221–225
IV.—Chemistry.
	XXVII.	The Composition of the Soil of the Taupo Plains, and its Suitability for the Growth of Grasses. By J. A. Pond, F.C.S., and J. S. Maclaurin, D.Sc, F.C.S.	227–241
	XXVIII.	On the Percentage of Chlorine in Lake Takapuna. By J. A. Pond	241–242
V.—Miscellaneous.
	XXIX.	The Animal Mind as a Factor in Organic Evolution. By Charles W. Purnell	243–252
	XXX.	The Tohunga-Maori: A Sketch. By S. Percy Smith	253–270
	XXXI.	Further Notes on Maori Skeletons and Relics brought to Light at Karaka Bay, Wellington. By H. N. McLeod	271
	XXXII.	Inherited Instincts and Anecdotes of Domestic Animals. By Taylor White	272–284
	XXXIII.	Maori Spirals and Sun-worship. By Edward Tregear	284–293
	XXXIV.	Maori Origins. By Elsdon Best	294–298
	XXXV.	A Name for a Spider. By Edward Tregear	298–304
	XXXVI.	Of a Radiant Phenomenon: "In hoc signo vinces." A Fragment left by the late W. Colenso, F.R.S., F.L.S.	305–309
	XXXVII.	Memorabilia, Ancient and Modern; being Remarks and Information respecting some of the Tin-mines in Cornwall, England. A Fragment left by the late W. Colenso	309–324
	XXXVIII.	On Telegraph Cables. By C. J. Cooke	324–339
	XXXIX.	Have we the Remains of a Swimming Swan-like Moa? By Taylor White	339–344
	XL.	Moa and Toa—the Bird and the Tree. By Taylor White	344–347
	XLI.	About the Native Names for Places. By Taylor White	347–352
	XLII.	The Ceremony of Rahui: Part II. By Taylor White	352–362
	XLIII.	The Fleeing Maru-iwi walk over Glenshea Cliff at Night. By Taylor White	363–367
	XLIV.	Browning's Vision of Life. By E. A. Mackechnie	368–376
	XLV.	A Poet's Socialism. By E. A. Mackechnie	377–383
	XLVI.	Problems of Arctic Exploration bearing upon Recent Attempts to reach the North Pole. By H. Hill, B.A., F.G.S.	384–396
	XLVII.	Are they Old Kumara-pits? By Taylor White	396–397
	XLVIII.	A Maori Stronghold. By Taylor White	397–398
	XLIX.	A Maori Earthwork Fortification. By Taylor White	398–399
	L.	Relics of the First New Zealand Press. By R. Coupland Harding	400–404
Zoology—continued.
	LI.	On a New Species of Ophiuroidea. By H. Farquhar	405–406
	LII.	A Hunting Spider. By Taylor White	406–407
	LIII.	Arachnids: the Small Pond in the Forest. By Taylor White	408–409
NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE.
Thirty-first Annual Report			413–414
Accounts for 1898–99			415
PROCEEDINGS.
WELLINGTON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
Notice of Death of Mr. F. E. Clarke			419
Additions to the Museum			420
A Canary-coloured Kakapo			420
New Zealand Moths and Butterflies. By G. V. Hudson			420
Description of Milne's Earthquake Recorder. By Sir J. Hector			422
Remarks on Spider-crabs. By Sir J. Hector			423
Remarks on the New Zealand Crow. By Sir J. Hector			423–424
Remarks on Architeuthis verrilla. By Sir J. Hector			424
Remarks on the Shining Cuckoo. By Sir J. Hector			424
Abstract of Annual Report			425
Election of Officers for 1900			425
Explorations in Te Anau District. By A. C. Gifford			425–426
Notes on Virginian Quail imported by the Acclimatisation Society. By Sir J. Hector			426–427
On Cobweb-covered Head gear from New Hebrides. By E. Tregear			427
On a Chatham Island Ownership Log			427
On Centipedes collected from Bananas			427
On New Zealand Freshwater Crayfish			427
Presentation to the Museum of Relics of the First New Zealand Press			428
AUCKLAND INSTITUTE.
On Capital and Modern Progress. By J. Batger			429
On the Electric Spark. By Professor F. D. Brown			429
On Water supply and Disease-germs. By Dr. R. H. Makgill			429
On Ruapehu and its Neighbourhood. By P. Marshall, F.G.S			429
On the Coming Star Showers. By Professor H. W. Segar			430
On "The Novel." By Professor C. W. Egerton			430
Some Experiments in Radiant Heat. By E. V. Miller			430
On Rarotonga: its Scenery, Vegetation, and Native Inhabitants. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S.			430
Abstract of Annual Report			431–432
Election of Officers for 1900			432
PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE OF CANTERBURY.
On the Life-history of Words. By Professor Arnold Wall			433
Description of a Trephined Maori Skull. By Captain Hutton, F.R.S.			433
On Wireless Telegraphy. By J. S. S. Cooper			433
Exhibit of Flowers of Garrya elliptica, by R. Nairn			434
Resolution regarding Death of Mr. R. W. Fereday			434
On Damage to Forest Trees by the Drought of 1897–98. By T. W. Adams			434
On some Recent Developments in Mechanical Engineering. By J. L. Scott			434
On a New Form of Ether Saturator. By Dr. Evans			434
Exhibit of Clematis attacked by Fungus, by Professor Dendy			435
Abstract of Annual Report			435
Election of Officers for 1900			436
On some Little-known Country in the Waimakariri District. By L. Cockayne			436
Exhibit of Flowering Anigozanthus from Swan River, by R. Nairn			436
On the Formation of Starch by Green Plants in Sunlight. By Professor Dendy			436
On Peripatus viridimaculatus, n.s. By Professor Dendy			436
OTAGO INSTITUTE.
List of Exhibits			437
Notornis exhibited, by Professor Benham			437
On the Ultimate Vital Unit. By Professor Benham			437
Notice of Death of Mr. A. E. Purdie			438
Notice of Discovery of Complete Moa Egg. By F. R. Chapman			438
On the Edge-Partington Album of Polynesian Ethnology. By A. Hamilton			438
Exhibit of Hypertrophied Incisor Teeth of Rabbit, by C. Smith			438
On the Anatomy and Egg of a Stick Insect. By Professor Benham			488
On Jane Austen. By Miss Marchant			438
On Witchcraft in Fiji. By Mr. Carew			438
Remarks on Te Puohu's Raid. By F. R. Chapman			439
On a Curious Pendant Ornament. By A. Hamilton			439
On Maori Fish-hooks. By A. Hamilton			439
Notes on New Species of Marine Algæ. By Crosby Smith			439
On a Tasmanian Rock resembling Leucite Syenite Porphyry. By Professor Ulrich			439
Abstract of Annual Report			440–441
Election of Officers for 1900			441
On Federation. By F. R. Chapman			441
HAWKE'S BAY PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE.
On the Sun and the Moon, with a Descriptive Account of the late Total Eclipse of the Sun. By the President			442
On Hawke's Bay Fisheries. By W. Dinwiddie			442
On Exploration. By J. Caughley			442
On the Evidences of Darwinism. By W. Dinwiddie			442
On Evolution. By H. Hill			442
On Development by Creation as opposed to Development by Evolution. By the President			443
On Flowers in relation to Insects. By T. C. Moore, M.D.			443
Round the South Sea Islands. By Dr. Milne-Thomson			443
Abstract of Annual Report			443–444
Election of Officers for 1900			444
WESTLAND INSTITUTE.
Abstract of Annual Report			445
Election of Officers for 1900			445
NELSON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
Notes on the Instruments used in the Magnetic Survey of the New Zealand Coasts. By C. Coleridge Farr, B.Sc.			446
Abstract of Annual Report			447
Election of Officers for 1900			447
APPENDIX.
Meteorology of New Zealand—
Comparative Abstract for 1899 and Previous Years			451
Average Temperature of Seasons compared with those of the Previous Year			451
Remarks on the Weather during 1899			452
Earthquakes reported in New Zealand during 1899			453
New Zealand Institute, Honorary Members			454
New Zealand Institute, Ordinary Members			455–462
List of Institutions and Persons to whom this Volume is presented by the Governors of the New Zealand Institute			463–467
Index			468–473
Contents			v.–x.
List of Plates			xi.
Board of Governors and Officers of the New Zealand Institute			xiii.
Abstract of Rules and Statutes of the New Zealand Institute			xiii.–xv.
Roll of Incorporated Societies			xvi.
Officers of Incorporated Societies, and Extracts from the Rules			xvi.–xix.

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LIST OF PLATES.

Note.—These are placed together at the end of the volume.

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Plate		To illustrate Article
I.	Benham.—Cordyceps sinclairii	II.
II.	Hutton.—Paryphanta lignaria	VIII.
III.	{{{1}}}„Tipulidæ	IX.
IV.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	IX.
V.	Laing.—New Zealand Seaweeds	XIV.
VI.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	XIV.
VII.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	XIV.
VIII.	Cockayne.—Seedlings of New Zealand Plants	XVI.
IX.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	XVI.
X.	{{{1}}}„A Subalpine Meadow	XVII.
XI.	{{{1}}}„Raoulia eximia	XVII.
XII.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	XVII.
XIII.	{{{1}}}„Terrace of River Waimakariri	XVII.
XIV.	Brown.—Bartramia robustifolia	XVIII.
XV.	{{{1}}}„Bartramia hapuka	XVIII.
XVI.	{{{1}}}„Stirtonia mackayi	XIX.
XVII.	Low.—Haastia pulvinaris	XX.
XVIII.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	XX.
XIX.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	XX.
XIX.a	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	XX.
XX.	Murdoch.—Pliocene Mollusca	XXV.
XXI.	Worley.—Nelson Boulder Bank	XXVI.
XXII.	Tregear.—Maori Spirals	XXXIII.
XXIII.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	XXXIII.
XXIV.	{{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„	XXXIII.
XXV.	Harding.—Relics of the Old Mission Press: The Pair of Maori Type-cases	L.
XXVI.	Hutton.—Trephined Maori Skull	Proceedings at page 433.