Translation:Mishnah/Seder Kodashim/Tractate Kinnim/Chapter 1

Mishnah 1

[The blood service of] a fowl sin-offering is done below [the Altar's midline],

and [the blood service of] an animal sin-offering [is done] above.

A fowl elevation-offering is done above,

and an animal elevation-offering [is done] below.

If [the kohen] altered [the service of] either one, he has invalidated [it].

Mishnah 2

This is the scheme for [offering] bird-pairs:

The [bird-pair offering which is] obligatory – one is a sin-offering, and one is an elevation-offering.

For [birds which are] vowed sacrifices and donations – they are all elevation-offerings.

Which is a vowed sacrifice? One who says, "I am hereby obligated to bring an elevation-offering."

Which is a donation? One who says, "This [animal] is hereby an elevation-offering."

What is the [practical] difference between vowed sacrifices and donations?

Only that [if] vowed sacrifices died or were stolen, [the owner] is liable to pay for a replacement;

[whereas if] donations died or were stolen, [the owner] is not liable to pay for a replacement.

Mishnah 3

[In the case of] a sin-offering which became mixed in with elevation-offering[s],

or an elevation-offering [which became mixed in] with sin-offering[s],

even one in ten thousand – they must all be put to death.

[In the case of] a sin-offering which became mixed in with obligatory [pairs],

only the number of sin-offerings among the obligatory [pairs] are permitted [to be sacrificed].

Similarly, [in the the case of] an elevation-offering which became mixed in with obligatory [pairs],

only the number of elevation-offerings among the obligatory [pairs] are permitted [to be sacrificed].

[The above is true] whether the obligatory [pairs] are many and the donated [elevation-]offering[s] are few,

whether the donated [elevation-]offering[s] are many and the obligatory [pairs] are few,

[or] whether they are both equal.

Mishnah 4

In what [case] were the [rules in the previous mishnah] stated? When obligatory [bird-pairs] and donated [elevation-]offerings [became mixed].

But [in the case of] obligatory [bird-pairs] which became mixed with each other:

[If] one [person] had one [pair] and the other had one [pair], [or] one had two and the other had two, [or] one had three and the other had three[, etc.];

half are permitted [to be sacrificed] and half are invalid.

[If] one [person] had one [pair], another had two, another had three and another had one hundred,

[only] the smaller number are permitted [to be sacrificed].

[The above is true] whether [they are all] from one designation or whether [they are] from two designations,

[and] whether [they are all] from one woman or whether [they are] from two women.

Mishnah 5

How is it [considered] from one designation?

[A bird-pair brought for] a birth and [another brought for] a birth, [or for] a vaginal discharge and a vaginal discharge –

[this is considered] from one designation.

From two designations?

[A bird-pair brought for] a birth and [another brought for] a vaginal discharge.

How [are the cases when the sacrifices are] from two women?

[A bird-pair brought for] a birth for one [woman], and [one brought for] a birth for the other [woman],

[or for] a vaginal discharge for one [woman] and a vaginal discharge for the other [woman] –

[this is considered] from one designation.

From two designations?

[A bird-pair brought for] a birth for one [woman] and [one brought for] a vaginal discharge for the other [woman].

Rabbi Yosi says:

Two women who purchased their bird-pairs as a mixed group,

or that gave the money for their bird-pairs to the kohen;

For whichever the kohen pleases, he may offer a sin-offering,

and for whichever he pleases, he may offer an elevation-offering –

whether [they are all] from one designation or whether [they are] from two designations.