USAMGIK Ordinance 19

HEADQUARTERS

UNITED STATES ARMY FORCES IN KOREA

Office of the Military Governor

Seoul, Korea

ORDINANCE
NUMBER 19

30 October 1945

Re-Printed Copy
SECTION
DECLARATION OF NATIONAL EMERGENCY	Ⅰ
PROTECTION OF LABOR	Ⅱ
PROTECTION AGAINST PROFITEERING	Ⅲ
PROTECTON OF THE PUBLIC AGAINST ACTS PRE- JUDICIAL TO THE PROPLE'S WELFARE	Ⅳ
REGISTRATION OF NEWSPAPERS AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS	Ⅴ
PENALTY	Ⅵ
EFEECTIVE DATE	Ⅶ

SECTION Ⅰ DECLARATION OF NATIONAL EMERGENCY

After four long years of war, form which they emerged victorious, American Forces landed upon your shores the friends and protectors of the Korean people. They came for the avowed purpose of requiring the complete and permanent eviction of all Japanese military forces from Korea and eliminating all Japanese Militaristic and nationalistic ideology. In addition to that objective, the Military Government was instructed to take steps to effect complete political and administrative separation of Korea from Japanese social, economic, and financial control; to facilitate development of a sound Korean economy and to work towards the restoration of a free, independent and responsible Korea. The program of Military Government included taking over all Japanese property as rapidly as possible for the benefit of the Korean people, relieving labor from the condition of absolute servitude under which it had been wrested from them by Japanese guile and treachery, and giving to the farmer a fair and just proportion of the fruits of his sweat and labor, restoring the preallies of a free marker, giving to every man, woman and child within the country equal opportunity to enjoy his just and fair share of great wealth which this beautiful nation has been endowed

Upon the arrival of the American Forces the Americans found that to aupport the war Japan drained food and other living commodities from Korea until she was weak from starvation. Production of consumer goods had all but ceased. There was a wholesale embezzlement of Government funds. The currency had been deliberately inflated.

Law and order was immediately established. All seized property that could possibly be of benefit to the Korean people was preserved for their was Grain was moved to areas where starvation existed.

Because of the long continued exploitation of Korea's wealth and the oppression of her people, and the fact that the people had been prohibited from carrying out during the years of Japanese oppression those pursuits of life and happiness which are normal to a rich and aggressive race, the people have not been able to produce goods fast enough to prevent widespread malnutrition, disease, and suffering during the coming winter. In addition, certain groups, with the sole idea of acquiring the wealth of the Korean people for themselves, have prevented labor from returning to employment, children from returning to school, and farmers from selling the produce of their lands. Such conditions have created within Korea an emergency which measures which will inure to their benefit. As all of the people know the American Nation is a powerful nation. Its people, however, are gentle with the true gentleness that comes only through an appreciation of their own good fortune and in their desire to protect others against adversity. At this time the representatives of the American people in Korea foresee that their friends, the Korean people, are threatened in their security and right to be warm and well fed during the coming winter. Facilities, raw materials, and labor are available within the country which, if utilized properly, will prevent suffering. Rigid emergency controls are therefore hereby established, in order to prevent such conditions from existing which will harm the people. Such temporary measures will be withdrawn as quickly as the emergency ceases.

SECTION Ⅱ PROTECTION OF LABOR

The right of any individual or group of individual to accept employment and to work unmolested shall be respected and protected. any interference with this right is unlawful.

In the interest of preventing suspension reduction of output in industrials which are declared by the Military Government of Korea to be essential to the people's livelihood, disputes arising over terms and conditions of labor will be settled by a mediation board set up by the Military Government of Korea whose decision will be final and binding on all parties. Until the matter is presented to the Labor Mediation Board and a decision is reached, production will continue.

SECTION Ⅲ PROTECTION AGAINST PROFITEERING

To aid in assuring an equitable distribution of commodities necessary to the livelihood of the people, at a price within the financial resources of the people, the hoarding of essential commodities and/or their sale at an excessive price, which would result in profiteering at the expense of the people, is hereby declared unlawful.

SECTION Ⅳ PROTECTON OF THE PUBLIC AGAINST ACTS
PREJUDICIAL TO THE PROPLE'S WELFARE

The following acts are hereby declared unlawful:

a Knowingly making any false statement orally or in writing to any member of or person acting under the authority of USAFIK or the Military Government of Korea in a matter of official concern or in any manner attempting to defraud the Military Government of Korea.

b. Since the program of the Military Government of Korea is for the people's welfare, obstructing, attempting to obstruct, or contravening any orders or announced program of the Military Goverment of Korea whether by acts, conspiracies, intimidarion, corruption, or bribery of any person.

c. Prejudicing the People's Welfare by directing or participating in acts of discipline, threats, coercion, or any other form of intimidation or victimization (including boycotting) against any person cooperating in any form directly or indirectly with USAFIK or the Military Government of Korea.

SECTION Ⅴ REGISTRATION OF NEWSPAPERS AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS

In order that freedom of speech and freedom of the press may be preserved and safeguarded without being perverted to unlawful and subversive purposes, the registratration of every organization engaged in printing of books, pamphlets, papers, or other reading materials in Korea south of 38° North Latitude sponsored, owned, directed, controlled, or managed by any natural or juridical person is hereby ordered. Such registration will be accomplished within ten (10) days after the effective date of this order or in the case of new publications not less than (10) days before publication, by filing in duplicate by registered mail addressed to the Military Government of Korea, Capitol, Seoul, the name of the organization; the places where printed and published; the name of the persons employed in the printing and publishing the name of each person sponsoring, owning directing, controlling, managing or otherwise influencing the organization, its activities or operations or the material printed and published; an accurate description of every form of printing and publishing used or proposed to be used by the organization, including exact facsimiles of the format, character and size of each type of printed matter, the financial backing, capital, funds, property, and assets of the organization including the amount of critical essential supplies on hand and intended future sources in such detail as to reflect the financial ability of the organization to operate and maintain the news and editorial services proposed to be rendered, the name and address of each person financially interested in the organization or enterprise.

SECTION Ⅵ PENALTY

Any person violating the provisions of this ordinance shall, upon conviction by a Military Occupation Court, suffer such punishment as the court shall determine.

SECTION Ⅶ EFEECTIVE DATE

This ordinance is effective immediately.

BY DIRECTION OF THE COMMANDING GENERAL

UNITED STATES ARMY FORCES IN KOREA

A. V. ARNOLD

Major General, United States Army

Military Governor of Korea.