A History of the Knights of Malta

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A History of the Knights of Malta, or the Order of St. John of Jerusalem (1883)
by Whitworth Porter

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4777184A History of the Knights of Malta, or the Order of St. John of Jerusalem1883Whitworth Porter

A HISTORY

OF THE

KNIGHTS OF MALTA,

OR THE

ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM.

BY
WHITWORTH PORTER,
MAJOR GENERAL, ROYAL ENGINEERS.

REVISED EDITION.

London:
LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO.
1883.

I Dedicate

THIS WORK TO THE MEMORY OF

MY ONLY SON,

REGINALD DA COSTA PORTER,

LIEUTENANT IN THE CORPS OF ROYAL ENGINEERS,

WHO WAS HIMSELF A MEMBER OF THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN.

HE WAS SLAIN IN THE EXECUTION OF HIS DUTY,

LIKE SO MANY OF HIS ILLUSTRIOUS PREDECESSORS,

HAVING BEEN KILLED WHILST TAKING PART IN

THE EXPEDITION TO EGYPT IN 1882.

HIS REMAINS LIE IN THE ISLAND OF MALTA,

AMID THE KNIGHTLY DUST OF SO MANY WHO, LIKE HIM,

FELL IN THE SACRED CAUSE OF DUTY.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.
1099–1118.
PAGE
Origin of chivalry Condition of Palestine prior to the first Crusade Erection of the Hospital of St. John Peter the Hermit Capture of Jerusalem Foundation of the Order of St. John Death of Gerard, and election of Raymond du Puy Military constitution of the Order Regulations for its establishment Admission of candidates Establishment of commanderies Regulations respecting dress Defensive armour: Scale mail; Chain mail; Plate armour; Helmet; Shield Offensive armour: Lance; Sword; Battle-axe; Dagger The destrier, or war-horse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		1
CHAPTER II.
1118–1187.
Date of the establishment of the Military Order of St. John Campaigns of Antioch and Edessa Foundation of the Templars and Order of St. Lazarus Embassy of Joubert and marriage of Raymond of Poitiers Legaey of the King of Nivarre Loss of Edessa Second Crusade Siege of Damascus Advance of the Jarroquins Their repulse and overthrow Siege and capture of Ascalon Jealousies of the clergy Death of Raymond du Puy Expedition into Egypt Death of D'Ascali Rise of Saladin Death of Joubert Dissensions in the kingdom of Jerusalem Accession of Guy de Lusiguan Battle of Tiberias Loss of Jerusalem Its main causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		27
CHAPTER III.
1187–1230.
Description of the ruins of the Hospital at Jerusalem Its establishment at Margat Retirement of the ladies of the Order to Europe The third Crusade Siege and capture of Acre Guy do Lusignan made king of Cyprus Reforms of Alphonso of Portugal His resignation and death Fourth Crusade Capture of Constantinople by the Latins Dissensions between the Templars and Hospitallers Andrew, king of Hungary, admitted into the Order Fifth Crusade Siege and capture of Damietta Advance into Egypt Fatal results of the expedition Marriage of the emperor Frederic with Violante Treaty with the Saracens Coronation of Frederic at Jerusalem His return to Europe and persecution of the military Orders Accusations brought against the knights of St. John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		56
CHAPTER IV.
1230–1291.
Re-occupation of Jerusalem by the Christians Their expulsion by the Korasmins Battle of Gaza Death of Vilebride, and election of Chateauneuf Reforms in the Order Crusades of St. Louis Sanguinary combat between the Hospitallers and Templars Siege of Margat Siege and fall of Acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		80
CHAPTER V.
1291–1311.
Establishment of the Order in Cyprus Its first naval armaments Death of John do Villiers, and election of Odon de Pins His monastic seclusion Dissatisfaction of the Order His death, and accession of William do Villaret Expedition into Palestine Project for the capture of Rhodes Preparations for that operation Death of William de Villaret, and accession of Fulk de Villaret Capture of Rhodes Destruction of the Order of the Temple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		106
CHAPTER VI.
1311–1365.
Villaret establishes his Order at Rhodes His arrogance Plots against him His flight to Lindos Appeals to the Pope His resignation Appointment of Elyon de Vilanova Division of the Order into Zangucs Deodato do Gozon and the Dragon of Rhodes War against the Turks Capture of Smyrna Election of Deodato do Gozon His resignation Intrigues of Heredia the Castellan of Emposta Eleetion of Cornillan and Roger de Pine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		134
CHAPTER VII.
1338.
Divisions of class in the Order Langues Grand-Master, his position and power Courts of Égard Bailiffs Their offices Adaptation of the Order to change of circumstances System of management in commanderies Report on the grand-priory of England in 1338 Lists of commanderies and other estates in the grand-priory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		157
CHAPTER VIII.
1365–1402.
Election of Raymond Beranger Expedition to Alexandria and capture of the town Election of Heredia His previous history He escorts the Pope to Rome Joins the expedition to Patras Capture of the town Heredia falls into the hands of the Turks His ransom Schism in the church Heredia returns to Avignon His death Election of Philibert de Naillac Battle of Nicopolis Purchase of the Morea Its subsequent restoration Timour the Tartar His overthrow of Bajazet Loss of Smyrna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		184
CHAPTER IX.
1402–1476.
Erection of the fortress of St. Peter at Budrum Treaty with the sultan of Egypt Conclusion of the papal schism, and reunion of the Order Death of de Naillac, and succession of Fluvian Invasion of Cyprus Death of Fluvian Election of Lastic Descent on Rhodes Reforms in the Order Fall of Constantinople Election of James de Milly Disputes in the fraternity Succession of Raymond Zacosta Formation of an eighth langue. Erection of Fort Nicholas Departure of Zacosta for Rome His death there Succeeded by Orsini Fall of Negropont Preparations for defence at Rhodes Death of Orsini, and nomination of Peter D'Aubusson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		213
CHAPTER X.
1476–1480.
Description of Rhodes The three renegades Arrival of the Turkish army at Rhodes First attack on Fort St. Nicholas Its failure Breech opened in the Jews' quarter Attempted assassination of the Grand-Master Second attack on St. Nicholas and its failure Second advance on the Jews' quarter Execution of Maitre Georges Last assault of the Turks and its repulse Close of the siege, and embarkation of the Ottoman army . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		241
CHAPTER XI.
1480–1503.
Restoration of the fortifications of Rhodes, and recovery of the Grand-Master Preparations by Mahomet for a new siege His death, and the disputed succession to his empire Defeat of Djem, and his flight to Rhodes Departure for France His residence there His removal to Rome, and death Last days of Peter D'Aubusson His death and interment History of the relic of the hand of St. John the Baptist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		273
CHAPTER XII.
1503–1521.
Election of D'Amboise Futile descent of Catnalis Captare of Turkish galleys and of the "Queen of the Seas" Defeat of the Turkish fleet in the Gulf of Ajaccio Election and death of Blanehefort Accession of Carretto Usurpation of Selim Conquest of Egypt by the sultan Death of Selim and accession of Solyman Death of Carretto Description of Rhodes in 1521, and at present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		299
CHAPTER XIII.
The career of a knight as a novice, professed knight, commander, and bailiff The auberges The chaplains The chapter-general The councils of the Order The question of slavery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		320
CHAPTER XIV.
1521–1522.
Election of L'Islo Adam Fall of Belgrade Correspondence with Solyman Preparations for defence Detail of the Turkish forces Arrival of the Ottoman army at Rhodes Commencement of the siege Plot by a female slave within the city Detail of Turkish artillery Construction of cavaliers Mining operations Assault on the tower of St. Mary Repeated attacks and their repulse Accusations against the chancellor D'Amaral His trial and execution Devotion of the Rliodian women Negotiations for surrender-Terms offered by Solyman Their acceptance, and close of the siege by the surrender of the island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		339
CHAPTER XV.
1522–1534.
Surrender of Rhodes, and departure of the Order for Candia Arrival at Messina Departure for Civita Vecchia Project for bestowing Malta on the Order Hopes of regaining Rhodes L'Isle Adam proceeds to Madrid His negotiations Visits Paris and London Returns to Italy Malta ceded to the Order Antecedent history of that island Tripoli Its disadvantages and dangers Description of the harbour of Malta Expedition to Modon Disputed appointment to the bishopric of Malta English Reformation Insurrection in the convent Death of L'Isle Adam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		375
CHAPTER XVI.
1534–1565.
Election of Peter Dupont Expedition against Tunis Didier de St. Gilles John D'Omedes Expedition against Algiers Turkish descent on Malta Loss of Tripoli Destruction of the Order in England Leo Strozzi Attack on Zoara Death of D'Omedes and election of La Sangle Hurricane at Malta Accession of La Valette Expedition to Galves Siege of Mers el Kebir by the Turks Preparations by Solyman for an attack on Malta Arrangements for defence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		399
CHAPTER XVII.
1563.
Enumeration of the garrison of Malta Description of its defences The Turkish army and fleet The janissaries Disembarkation of the force Siege of St. Elmo commenced Arrival of Dragut Repeated assaults The fort cut off from succour Its fall Massacre of the garrison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		424
CHAPTER XVIII.
1565.
Siege of Malta continued Arrival of the first reinforcement Investment of the Bourg Attack on Senglea Repeated assaults on both points Exhaustion of the garrison Arrival of a succouring force from Sicily Close of the siege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		451
CHAPTER XIX.
1565–1601.
General exultation at the successful defence of Malta Rumours of a new Turkish expedition Death of Solyman Commencement of the city of Valetta Disturbances in the convent Death of La Valette Accession of de Monte Transfer of the convent to Valetta Battle of Lepanto Death of de Monte Election of La Cassière Seditions aroused against him His deposition and restoration His death, and election of Verdala Arrival of the Jesuits Death of Verdala Close of the century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		479
CHAPTER XX.
Political position of the Grand-Master His revenues Ceremony of election and installation Details of his household Ceremonials of the table Festivals The lieutenant The navy The land forces The chancery The conservatory The revenue Details of the European property The expenditure The Hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		508
CHAPTER XXI.
The punishments of the fraternity List of prohibitions Criminal records Local government of the Maltese The bailiwick of Brandenburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		542
CHAPTER XXII.
THE "LANGUE" OF ENGLAND.
Foundation at Clerkenwell Introduction of the fraternity into Scotland and Ireland Destruction of priory at Clerkenwell by Wat Tyler Restoration by Docwra St. John's Gate Lease of Hampton to Wolsey Suppression of the langue by Henry VIII. Revival by Queen Mary Ultimate suppression by Elizabeth Subsequent fate of the Priory, Church, and Gate Revival of the langue Its objects and present state Brief biographies of important members of the old langue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		564
CHAPTER XXIII.
1601–1669.
Alof de Vignacourt Ecclesiastical disputes The Malta aqueduct Anthony de Paule Chapter-general Election of Lascaris Disputes with France and Spain Battle of the Dardanelles Expulsion of the Jesuits Commencement of the Floriana line Acquisition in the West Indies Election of Redin The brothers Cottoner Siege and loss of Candia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		595
CHAPTER XXIV.
1669–1797.
Sir John Narbrough's visit to Malta Construction of the Cottonera lines Death of Cottoner Gregory Caraffa Adrian de Vignacourt Raymond Perrelos Embassy from Russia Mark Anthony Zondodari Manöel de Vilhena Erection of Fort Manöel Raymond Despuig Pinto de Fonseca Plot of the slaves His popularity Condition of the navy Francois Ximenes Priestly insurrection Emmanuel de Rohan Chapter-general Earthquake in Sicily Erection of Fort Tigné The French revolution Destruction of the French langues Death of de Rohan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		618
CHAPTER XXV.
1797–1798.
Election of von Hompesch Establishment of a Russian priory Capture of Malta decreed Arrival of the French fleet before Malta Dispositions of Bonaparte for the attack State of the town Inefficiency of von Hompesch Surrender of the island Departure of the knights Death of von Hompesch The knights in St. Petersburg Election of the emperor Paul as Grand-Master Subsequent wanderings of the Order Its present position at Rome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		647
CHAPTER XXVI.
1798–1800.
French decrees on assuming possession of the island Insurrection of the Maltese Blockade of the French within the fortress Arrival of the joint British and Portuguese fleet Details of the blockade Capitulation of the French The treaty of Amiens Eventual transfer of the island to the British Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		669
Seals of the Order of St. John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		694

APPENDIX I.
Chronological List of the Grand-Masters of the Order of St. John, distinguishing the various nations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		695
APPENDIX. II.
List of the first Members of the Order of St. John, cotemporaries with its Founder, Gerard, from 1099 to 1135. (From Paolo Antonio Paoli.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		697
APPENDIX III.
Original Donation of Godfrey of Bouillon to the Hospital of St. John. (Ex. Cod. papyrac. Biblioth. Vaticanæ, N. 3136, page 19.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		698
APPENDIX IV.
Bull of Pope Paschal II., confirming the establishment of the Hospital of St. John. (Translated from the original Latin.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		699
APPENDIX V.
Bull of Pope Boniface VIII., in the year 1300, recapitulating the original rule of Raymond du Puy, lost at the capture of Acre. (Translated from the original Latin.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		700
APPENDIX VI.
Bull of Pope Alexander IV., dated in 1259, decreeing a distinctive dress for the Knights of Justice. (Translated from the original Latin.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		705
APPENDIX VII.
Letter of Peter D'Aubusson to the emperor of Germany, containing a narrative of the first siege of Rhodes. (Translated from the original Latin.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		706
APPENDIX VIII.
Letter of Sir Nicholas Roberts to the earl of Surrey, descriptive of the second siege of Rhodes. (Ex Cotton MSS. Copied from Taafe's "Knights of St. John." This letter is much injured, and rendered illegible in many parts.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		711
APPENDIX IX.
Deed of authorization to the Procurators of L'Isle Adam, including the act of donation of the island of Malta and its dependencies to the Order of St. John by Charles V. (Translated from the original Latin.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		713
APPENDIX X.
Translation from the original Latin of the letter of the Grand-Master La Valette to the grand-prior of Germany, narrating the siege of Malta. (Taken from "Cœlii Augustini Curionis Saracenicæ Historiæ libri tres, etc." Francofurdi, 1596.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		720
APPENDIX XI.
List of the dignitaries of the langue of England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		722
APPENDIX XII.
Memorandum written by Oliver Starkey on the subject of a dispute as to precedence between the grand-priors of England and Messina. (Translated from the original, now in the Record Office at Malta.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		736
APPENDIX XIII.
Articles of capitulation of the fortress of Malta by the French in the year 1800 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		738
APPENDIX XIV.
Article in the Treaty of Amiens relative to the Order of St. John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		742

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Portrait of La Valette. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Frontispiece
Gate of St. John in the Muristán, Jerusalem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		61
Ruins of Quadrangle of Monastery, Muristán . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		62
Map of Rhodes to illustrate sieges of 1480 and 1522 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		242
Facsimile of an old woodcut of Rhodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		278
Portrait of L'Isle Adam making his entry into the Città Notabile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		390
Map of Malta to illustrate siege of 1565. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		426
Coats of Arms on St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell; Tomb of Sir William Weston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		571
Seals of the Order of St. John, and of the Grand-priory of England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		694