The Coronado expedition, 1540-1542/Content and Illustrations

by George Parker Winship

 

CONTENTS

---

Page
Introductory note				339
Itinerary of the Coronado expeditions, 1527-1547				341
Historical introduction				345
	The causes of the Coronado expedition, 1528-1539			345
		Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca		345
		The governors of New Spain 1530-1537		350
		The reconnoissance of Friar Marcos de Niza		353
		The effect of Friar Marcos' report		362
	The expedition to New Mexico and the great plains			373
		The organization of the expedition		373
		The departure of the expedition		382
		The expedition by sea under Alarcon		385
		The journey from Culiacan to Cibola		386
		The capture of the Seven Cities		388
		The exploration of the country		389
			The Spaniards at Zuñi	389
			The discovery of Tusayan and the Grand canyon	390
			The Rio Grande and the great plains	390
		The march of the army from Culiacan to Tiguex		391
		The winter of 1540-1541 along the Rio Grande		392
			The Indian revolt	392
			The stories about Quivira	393
		The journey across the buffalo plains		395
		The winter of 1541-1542		399
		The friars remain in the country		400
		The return to New Spain		401
		The end of Coronado		402
	Some results of the expedition			403
		The discovery of Colorado river		403
			The voyage of Alarcon	403
			The journey of Melchior Diaz	406
		The Indian uprising in New Spain 1540-1542		408
		Further attempts at discovery		411
			The voyage of Cabrillo	411
			Villalobos sails across the Pacific	412
The narrative of Castañeda				413
	Bibliographic note			413
	The Spanish text			414
		Proemio		414
		Primera parte		416
	Capitulo primero donde se trata como se supo la primera poblacion de las siete çiudades y como Nuño de guzman hiço armada para descubrirlla			416
			Capitulo segundo como bino a ser gouernador françisco uasques coronado y la segundo relaçion que dio cabeça de uaca	417
			Capitulo terçero como mataron los de cibola a el negro esteuan y fray marcos bolbio huyendo	418
			Capitulo quarto como el buen don Antonio de mendoça hiço jornada para el descubrimiento de Cibola	419
			Capitulo quinto que trata quienes fueron por capitanes a cibola	420
			Capitulo sexto como se juntaron en conpostela todas las capitanias y salieron en orden para la jornada	421
			Capitulo septimo como el campo llego a chiametla y mataron a el maestre de canpo y lo que mas acaeçio hasta llegar a culiacan	422
			Capitulo otauo como el campo entro en la uilla de culiacan y el recebimiento que se hiço y lo mas acaeçio hasta la partida	423
			Capitulo nueve como el canpo salio de culiacan y llego el general a çibola y el campo a señora y lo que mas acaeçio	424
			Capitulo deçimo como el campo salio de la uilla de senora quedando la uilla poblada y como llego a çibola y lo que le uino en el camino a el capitan melchior dias yendo en demanda de los nabios y como descubrio el rio del tison	425
			Capitulo ouçe como don pedro de touar descubrio a tusayan o tutahaco y don garci lopes de cardenas bio el rio del tison y lo que mas acaecion	428
			Capitulo doçe como binieron a çibola gentes de cicuye a ber los christianos y como fue herdo de aluarado a ber las uacas	430
			Capitulo trece como el general llego con poca gente la uia de tutahaco y dexo campo a don tristan que lo llebo a tiguex	432
			Capitulo catorce como el campo salio de sibola para tiguex y lo que les acaeçio en el camino con niebe	432
			Capitulo quinçe como se alço tiguex y el castigo que en ellos ubo sin que lo ubiese en el causador	433
			Capitulo desiseis como se puso çerco a tiguex y se gano y lo que mas acontencio mediante el cerco	435
			Capitulo desisiete como binieron a el campo mensajeros del ualle de señora y como murio el capitan melchior dias en la jornada de tizon	438
			Capitulo desiocho como el general procuro dexar asentada la tierra para ir en demanda de quisuira donde deçia el turco auia el prinçipio de la riqueça	439
			Capitulo desinueve como salieron en demanda de quiuira y lo que acontecio en el camino	440
			Capitulo ueinte como cayeron grandes piedras en el campo y como se descubrio otra barranca donde se dibidio el campo en dos partes	442
			Capitulo ueinte y uno como el campo bolbio a tiguex el y el general llego a quiuira	443
			Capitulo ueinte y dos como el general bolbio de quiuira y se hiçieron otras entradas debajo del norte	445
	Segunda parte en que se trata de los pueblo prouincias de altos y de sus ritos y costumbres recopilada por pedro de castañeda ueçino de la çiudad de Naxara			446
		Capitulo primero de la prouincia de Culiacan y de sus ritos y costumbres		447
			Capitulo segundo de la prouincia de petlatlan y todo lo poblado hasta chichilticale	448
			Capitulo tercero de lo ques chichilticale y el despoblado de çibola sus costumbres y ritos y de otras cosas	450
			Capitulo quarto como se tratan los de tiguex y de la prouincia de tiguex y sua comarcas	451
			Capitulo quinto de cicuye y los pueblos de su contoruo y de como unas gentes binieron a conquistar aquella tierra	452
			Capitulo sexto en que se declara quantos fueron los pueblos que se uierob en los poblados de terrados y lo poblado de ello	454
			Capitulo septimo que trata de los llanos que se atrabesaron de bacas y de las gentes que los habitan	455
			Capitulo ocbo de quiuira y en que rumbo esta y la notiçia que dan	456
	Tercera parte como y en que se trata aquello que aconteçio a francisco uasques coronado estando inbernando y como dexo la Jornada y se bolbio a la nueba españa			458
			Capitulo primero como bino de Senora don pedro de touar con gente y se partio para la nueba españa don garci lopes de cardenas	458
			Capitulo segundo como cayo el general y se hordeno la buelta para la nueba españa	459
			Capitulo terçero como se alço Suya y las causas que para ello dieron los pobladores	460
			Capitulo quarto como se quedo fray juan de padilla y fray luis en la tierra y el campo se aperçibio la buelta de mexico	461
			Capitulo quinto como el campo salio del poblado y camino a culiacan y lo que aconteçio en el camino	462
			Capitulo sexto como el general salio de culiacan para dar quenta a el uisorey del campo que le encargo	463
			Capitulo septimo do las cosas que le aconteçieron al capitan Juan gallego por la tierra alçada lleuando el socorro	464
			Capitulo otauo en que se quentan algunas cosas admirables que se bieron en los llanos con la façion de los toros	466
			Capitulo nono que trata el rumbo que llebo el campo y como se podria yr a buscar otra uia que mas derecha fuese abiendo de boluer aquella tierra	468
	Translation of the narrative of Castañeda			470
		Preface		470
		First Part		472
			Chapter 1, which treats of the way we first came to know about the Seven Cities, and of how Nuño de Guzman made an expedition to discover them	472
			Chapter 2, of how Francisco Vazquez Coronado came to be governor, and the second account which Cabeza de Vaca gave	474
			Chapter 3, of how they killed the negro Stephen at Cibola, and Friar Marcos returned in flight	[[475
			Chapter 4, of how the noble Don Antonio de Mendoza made an expedition to discover Cibola	476
			Chapter 5, concerning the captains who went to Cibola	477
			Chapter 6, of how all the companies collected in Compostela and set off on the journey in good order	478
			Chapter 7, of how the army reached Chiametla, and the killing of the army-master, and the other things that happened up to the arrival at Culiacan	479
		Chapter 8, of how the army entered the town of Culiacan and the reception it received, and other things which happened before the departure		481
		Chapter 9, of how the army started from Culiacan and the arrival of the general at Cibola and of the army at Señora and of other things that happened		482
		Chapter 10, of how the army started from the town of Señora, leaving it inhabited, and how it reached Cibola, and of what happened to Captain Melchior Diaz on his expedition in search of the ships and how he discovered the Tison (Firebrand) river		484
		Chapter 11, of how Don Pedro de Tovar discovered Tusayan or Tutahaco and Don Garcia Lopez de Cardenas saw the Firebrand river and the other things that had happened		487
		Chapter 12, of how people came from Cicuye to Cibola to see the Christians, and how Hernando de Alvarado went to see the cows		490
		Chapter 13, of how the general went toward Tutahaco with a few men and left the army with Don Tristan, who took it to Tiguex		492
		Chapter 14, of how the army went from Cibola to Tiguex and what happened to them on the way, on account of the snow		493
		Chapter 15, of why Tiguex revolted, and how they were punished, without being to blame for it		494
		Chapter 16, of how they besieged Tiguex and took it, and of what happened during the siege		497
		Chapter 17, of how messengers reached the army from the valley of Señora, and how Captain Melchior Diaz died on the expedition to the Firebrand river		501
		Chapter 18, of how the general managed to leave the country in peace so as to go in search of Quivira, where the Turk said there was the most wealth		502
		Chapter 19, of how they started in search of Quivira and of what happened on the way		504
		Chapter 20, of how great stones fell in the camp, and how they discovered another ravine, where the army was divided into two parts		506
		Chapter 21, of how the army returned to Tiguex and the general reached Quivira		508
		Chapter 22, of how the general returned from Quivira and of other expeditions toward the north		510
	Second Part, which treats of the high villages and provinces and of their habits and customs, as collected by Pedro de Castañeda, native of the city of Najara			512
		Chapter 1, of the province of Culiacan and of its habits and customs		513
		Chapter 2, of the province of Petlatlan and all the inhabited country as far as Chichilticalli		514
		Chapter 3, of Chichilticalli and the desert, of Cibola, its customs and habits, and of other things		516
		Chapter 4, of how they live at Tiguex, and of the province of Tiguex and its neighborhood		519
		Chapter 5, of Cicuye and the villages in its neighborhood, and of how some people came to conquer this country		523
			Chapter 6, which gives the number of villages which were seen in the country of the terraced houses, and their population	524
			Chapter 7, which treats of the plains that were crossed, of the cows, and of the people who inhabit them	526
			Chapter 8, of Quivira, of where it is and some information about it	528
	Third Part, which describes what happened to Francisco Vazquez Coronado during the winter, and how he gave up the expedition and returned to New Spain			530
			Chapter 1, of how Don Pedro de Tovar came from Señora with some men, and Don Garcia Lopez de Cardenas started back to New Spain	530
			Chapter 2, of the general's fall and of how the return to New Spain was ordered	531
			Chapter 3, of the rebellion at Suya and the reasons the settlers gave for it	533
			Chapter 4, of how Friar Juan de Padilla and Friar Luis remained in the country and the army prepared to return to Mexico	534
			Chapter 5, of how the army left the settlements and marched to Culiacan, and of what happened on the way	537
			Chapter 6, of how the general started from Culiacan to give the viceroy an account of the army with which he had been intrusted	538
			Chapter 7, of the adventures of Captain Juan Gallego while he was bringing reenforcements through the revolted country	540
			Chapter 8, which describes some remarkable things that were seen on the plains, with a description of the bulls	541
			Chapter 9, which treats of the direction which the army took, and of how another more direct way might be found if anyone was going to return to that country	544
Translation of the letter from Mendoza to the King, April 17, 1540				547
Translation of the letter from Coronado to Mendoza, August 3, 1540				552
Translation of the Traslado de las Nuevas				564
Relación postrera de Sívola				566
	Spanish text			566
	Translation			568
Translation of the Relacion del Suceso				572
Translation of a letter from Coronado to the King, October 20, 1541				580
Translation of the narrative of Jaramillo				584
Translation of the report of Hernando de Alvarado				594
Testimony concerning those who went on the expedition with Francisco Vazquez Coronado				596
A list of works useful to the student of the Coronado expedition				599
Index to Part 1				615

 

 

ILLUSTRATIONS

---

		Page
Plate XXXVIII	The New Spain and New Mexico country	345
XXXIX	The Ulpius globe of 1542	349
XL	Sebastian Cabot's map of 1544	353
XLI	Map of the world by Ptolemy, 1548	357
XLII	Battista Agnese's New Spain, sixteenth century	361
XLIII	The City of Mexico about 1550, by Alonzo de Santa Cruz	365
XLIV	Zaltieri's karte, 1566	369
XLV	Mercator's northwestern part of New Spain, 1569	373
XLVI	Mercator's interior of New Spain, 1569	377
XLVII	Abr. Ortelius' Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, 1570	381
XLVIII	Dourado's Terra Antipody Regis Castele Inveta, 1580	385
XLIX	Western hemisphere of Mercator, 1587	389
L	Northern half of De Bry's America Sive Novvs Orbis, 1596	393
LI	Wytfliet's Vtrivsqve Hemispherii Delineatio, 1597	397
LII	Wytflief's New Granada and California, 1597	401
LIII	Wytfliet's kingdoms of Quivira, Anian, and Tolm, 1597	405
LIV	Matthias Quadus' Fasciculus Geographicus, 1608	409
LV	Tho buffalo of Gomara, 1554	512
LVI	The buffalo of Thevet, 1558	516
LVII	The buffalo of De Bry, 1595	520
LVIII	On the terraces at Zuñi	525
LIX	Middle court at Zuñi	527
LX	Zuñi court, showing "balcony"	529
LXI	Zuñi interior	531
LXII	Zuñis in typical modern costume	534
LXIII	Hopi maidens, showing primitive Pueblo hairdressing	536
LXIV	Hopi grinding and paper-bread making	539
LXV	Hopi basket maker	543
LXVI	Pueblo pottery making	547
LXVII	Pueblo spinning and weaving	551
LXVIII	The Tewa pueblo of P'o-who-gi or San Ildefonso	555
LXIX	Pueblo of Jemez	559
LXX	Ruins of Spanish church above Jemez	562
LXXI	The Keres pueblo of Sia	569
LXXII	The Keres pueblo of Cochiti	571
LXXIII	The Tewa pueblo of Nambe	573
LXXIV	A Nambo Indian in war costume	576
LXXV	A Nambe water carrier	578
LXXVI	The Keres pueblo of Katishtya or San Felipe	583
LXXVII	The south town of the Tiwa pueblo of Taos	585
LXXVIII	The Tewa pueblo of K'hapóo or Santa Clara	587
LXXIX	The Tewa pueblo of Ohke or San Juan	589
LXXX	A native of San Juan	592
LXXXI	A native of Pecos	596
LXXXII	Facsimile of pages of Castañeda's relacion	456
LXXXIII	Facsimile of pages of Castañeda's relacion	442
LXXXIV	Facsimile of pages of Castañeda's relacion	466

 

---