Statesman's Year-Book 1899
THE
THE
STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK
STATISTICAL AND HISTORICAL ANNUAL OF THE
STATES OF THE WORLD FOR THE YEAR
1899
EDITED BY
J. SCOTT KELTIE, LL.D., and I. P. A. RENWICK, M.A., LL.B.
American Edition
EDITED BY
CARROLL D. WRIGHT, LL.D.
UNITED STATES COMMISSIONER OF LABOR
PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION
THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL PUBLICATION
REVISED AFTER OFFICIAL RETURNS
New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
LONDON : MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd.
1899
All rights reserved
Copyright, 1899,
By THE MACMILLAN CO.
Norwood Press
J. S. Cushing & Co. – Berwick & Smith
Norwood Mass. U.S.A.
NOTE.
The matter relating to the U. S. is paged in Roman numerals and is immediately followed by a special index for this part.
The matter relating to the rest of the world follows, and is itself indexed at the end of the volume.
CONTENTS
PREFACE
The first duty of myself and my colleague, Mr. Renwick, is to return our warmest thanks to those numerous friends in all parts of the world who have co-operated with us again this year in the preparation of the new edition of the Year-Book; without such co-operation it would be impossible to produce the work.
In the new edition there have necessarily been considerable alterations as the result of the events of the past year — the American war with Spain, the operations in the Sudan, the action of the European Powers in China. It will be found that the various changes necessitated by these transactions have been duly recorded. In other respects various modifications have been made, and the statistical and other information brought up to date throughout the whole work. The maps this year include a map of Africa, showing the railways, river routes, and telegraphs in Africa, existing and projected; a map of Newfoundland illustrating the French shore question; and a map showing the addition on the Chinese mainland to the colony of Hong Kong. There are preliminary tables showing the Revenue, Expenditure, Debt, and Debt-charge of the principal countries of the World, with the commerce of these countries, in absolute figures and per head of population; as also a table showing the gold and silver production of the World. The Index has been thoroughly revised and extended by Mr. Renwick. The Navies have been again revised by Mr. John Leyland. Such are a few of the new features of the 1899 edition.
J. S. K.
Office of 'The Statesman's Year-Book,'
London, W.C.
March 8, 1899.
St. Martin's Street,
London, W.C.
CONTENTS
| Preface | v |
| INTRODUCTORY TABLES. | |
| I.—THE BRITISH EMPIRE, 1897-98. | xxvi |
| II.—FINANCE AND COMMERCE OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES. | xxvi |
| III.—THE WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF GOLD AND SILVER. | xxx |
| Additions and Corrections | xxxi |
| LIST OF MAPS. | |
| I.—Map of Hong Kong, showing Recent Additions on the | |
| II.—Map of Newfoundland, illustrating the French Shore | |
| III.—Map of Africa, showing Railways Constructed and | |
| IV.—Map of Africa, showing Telegraphs Constructed and |
| Part the First. THE BRITISH EMPIRE. | |
| Reigning Queen and Empress | 3 |
| I. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland— | |
| page | |
| Constitution and Government | 6 |
| Area and Population | 14 |
| Religion | 28 |
| Instruction | 33 |
| Justice and Crime | 39 |
| Pauperism | 42 |
| Finance | 43 |
| Defence | 55 |
| Production and Industry | 67 |
| Commerce | 79 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 88 |
| Internal Communications | 91 |
| Money and Credit | 95 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 98 |
| Books of Reference | 99 |
| II. India, the Colonies, Protectorates, and Dependencies— | |
| Europe— | |
| Gibraltar | 105 |
| Malta | 106 |
| Asia— | |
| Aden, Perim, Somaliland, Sokotra | 108 |
| Bahrein Islands | 109 |
| Borneo (British) | 110 |
| Ceylon— | |
| Constitution and Government | 112 |
| Area and Population | 113 |
| Religion and Instruction | 114 |
| Justice, Crime and Pauperism | 115 |
| Finance | 115 |
| Defence | 115 |
| Production and Industry | 116 |
| Commerce | 116 |
| Shipping and Communications | 117 |
| Money and Credit | 117 |
| Dependency | 118 |
| Books of Reference | 118 |
| Cyprus | 118 |
| Hong Kong— | |
| Constitution and Government | 120 |
| Area and Population | 121 |
| Instruction | 122 |
| Justice and Crime | 122 |
| Finance | 122 |
| Defence | 123 |
| Commerce and Shipping | 123 |
| Money and Credit | 124 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 124 |
| Books of Reference | 124 |
| India and Dependencies— | |
| Government and Constitution | 125 |
| Area and Population | 128 |
| Religion | 135 |
| Instruction | 137 |
| Justice and Crime | 138 |
| Finance | 139 |
| Defence | 143 |
| Production and Industry | 146 |
| Commerce | 151 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 157 |
| Internal Communications | 159 |
| Money and Credit | 162 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 163 |
| Books of Reference | 164 |
| Baluchistan | 166 |
| Sikkim | 169 |
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 170 |
| Laccadive Islands | 170 |
| Kamaran Island | 170 |
| Labuan | 170 |
| The Straits Settlements— | |
| Constitution and Government | 171 |
| Area and Population | 172 |
| Instruction | 173 |
| Justice and Crime | 174 |
| Finance | 174 |
| Defence, Production, Industry | 175 |
| Commerce | 175 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 177 |
| Communications | 177 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 177 |
| Books of Reference | 178 |
| Wei-Hai-Wei | 179 |
| Africa— | |
| Ascension Island | 180 |
| Basutoland | 180 |
| Bechuanaland Protectorate | 181 |
| Cape of Good Hope— | |
| Constitution and Government | 182 |
| Area and Population | 183 |
| Religion and Instruction | 185 |
| Justice and Crime | 186 |
| Pauperism | 186 |
| Finance | 186 |
| Defence | 187 |
| Production and Industry | 187 |
| Commerce | 188 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 190 |
| Internal Communications | 190 |
| Banks | 190 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 191 |
| Books of Reference | 191 |
| Central Africa (British) | 192 |
| Central Africa Protectorate (British) | 193 |
| East Africa (British) | 194 |
| East Africa Protectorate | 195 |
| Uganda Protectorate | 196 |
| Zanzibar— | |
| Sultan and Government | 197 |
| Area, Population, Religion | 197 |
| Justice | 197 |
| Finance, Commerce | 198 |
| Books of Reference | 199 |
| Mauritius— | |
| Constitution and Government | 200 |
| Area and Population | 200 |
| Finance, Defence, Commerce | 201 |
| Shipping and Communications | 202 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 202 |
| Dependencies | 202 |
| Books of Reference | 202 |
| Natal— | |
| Constitution and Government | 203 |
| Area and Population | 204 |
| Instruction | 205 |
| Finance | 205 |
| Defence | 205 |
| Industry | 206 |
| Commerce | 206 |
| Shipping and Communications | 207 |
| Books of Reference | 207 |
| Niger Coast Protectorate | 208 |
| Niger Territories | 209 |
| South Africa (British) | 212 |
| St. Helena | 214 |
| Tristan da Cunha | 215 |
| West African Colonies— | |
| The Gold Coast | 215 |
| Lagos | 215 |
| Gambia | 216 |
| Sierra Leone | 216 |
| America— | |
| Bermudas | 219 |
| Canada— | |
| Constitution and Government | 220 |
| Area and Population | 222 |
| Religion | 224 |
| Instruction | 225 |
| Justice and Crime | 225 |
| Finance | 226 |
| Defence | 228 |
| Production and Industry | 229 |
| Commerce | 230 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 234 |
| Internal Communications | 234 |
| Money and Credit | 235 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 236 |
| Books of Reference | 236 |
| Falkland Islands | 238 |
| Guiana, British | 239 |
| Honduras, British | 240 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 241 |
| West Indies | 244 |
| Bahamas | 244 |
| Barbados | 244 |
| Jamaica | 245 |
| Leeward Islands | 247 |
| Trinidad | 248 |
| Windward Islands | 249 |
| Statistics of West Indies | 250 |
| Books of Reference of West Indies | 252 |
| Australasia and Oceania— | |
| Fiji— | |
| Constitution and Government | 253 |
| Area and Population | 253 |
| Religion | 254 |
| Instruction | 254 |
| Finance | 254 |
| Production and Industry | 254 |
| Commerce | 255 |
| Shipping and Communications | 256 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 256 |
| Books of Reference | 256 |
| New Guinea, British | 256 |
| Books of Reference | 258 |
| New South Wales— | |
| Constitution and Government | 258 |
| Area and Population | 259 |
| Religion | 261 |
| Instruction | 262 |
| Justice and Crime | 202 |
| Finance | 263 |
| Defence | 204 |
| Production and Industry | 265 |
| Commerce | 268 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 270 |
| Internal Communications | 270 |
| Money and Credit | 271 |
| Books of Reference | 272 |
| New Zealand— | |
| Government and Constitution | 273 |
| Area and Population | 275 |
| Religion | 277 |
| Instruction | 277 |
| Justice and Crime | 278 |
| Pauperism | 279 |
| Finance | 279 |
| Defence | 281 |
| Production and Industry | 281 |
| Commerce | 283 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 285 |
| Internal Communications | 286 |
| Money and Credit | 287 |
| Books of Reference | 287 |
| Queensland— | |
| Constitution and Government | 288 |
| Area and Population | 289 |
| Religion | 290 |
| Instruction | 291 |
| Justice and Crime | 291 |
| Pauperism | 291 |
| Finance | 291 |
| Defence | 292 |
| Production and Industry | 292 |
| Commerce | 293 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 294 |
| Internal Communications | 295 |
| Banks | 295 |
| Books of Reference | 295 |
| South Australia— | |
| Constitution and Government | 296 |
| Area and Population | 297 |
| Religion and Instruction | 298 |
| Justice and Crime | 298 |
| Defence | 298 |
| Finance | 298 |
| Production and Industry | 299 |
| Commerce | 299 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 301 |
| Communications | 301 |
| Banks | 301 |
| Books of Reference | 302 |
| Tasmania— | |
| Constitution and Government | 302 |
| Area and Population | 303 |
| Religion | 304 |
| Instruction | 304 |
| Justice and Crime | 305 |
| Pauperism | 305 |
| Revenue and Expenditure | 305 |
| Defence | 306 |
| Production and Industry | 306 |
| Commerce | 307 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 308 |
| Internal Communications | 308 |
| Books of Reference | 309 |
| Victoria— | |
| Constitution and Government | 309 |
| Area and Population | 310 |
| Religion | 312 |
| Instruction | 312 |
| Justice and Crime | 313 |
| Finance | 314 |
| Defence | 315 |
| Production and Industry | 315 |
| Commerce | 316 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 319 |
| Internal Communications | 319 |
| Money and Credit | 320 |
| Books of Reference | 320 |
| Western Australia— | |
| Constitution and Government | 321 |
| Area and Population | 322 |
| Religion | 322 |
| Instruction | 323 |
| Justice and Crime | 323 |
| Pauperism | 323 |
| Finance | 324 |
| Defence | 324 |
| Production and Industry | 324 |
| Commerce | 325 |
| Shipping and Communications | 326 |
| Money and Credit | 326 |
| Books of Reference | 327 |
| Australian Defence | 327 |
| Australasian Federation | 328 |
| Books of Reference | 330 |
| Pacific Islands | 332 |
| Part the Second. FOREIGN COUNTRIES. | |
| ABYSSINIA | 336 |
| AFGHÁNISTÁN | 338 |
| Trade | 340 |
| Books of Reference | 341 |
| AFRICA, CENTRAL | 341 |
| Central Sudan States—Bornu | 342 |
| Wadai—Kanem | 342 |
| ARGENTINE REPUBLIC— | |
| Constitution and Goverament | 344 |
| Area and Population | 345 |
| Religion and Instruction | 346 |
| Justice | 347 |
| Finance | 347 |
| Defence | 348 |
| Production and Industry | 350 |
| Commerce | 350 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 352 |
| Internal Communications | 353 |
| Money and Credit | 353 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 354 |
| Diplomatic Representatives | 354 |
| Books of Reference | 354 |
| AUSTRIA-HUNGARY— | |
| Reigning Sovereign | 356 |
| Political Relation between Austria and Hungary | 358 |
| Common Finance | 359 |
| Defence | 361 |
| Commerce of the Common Customs Territory | 365 |
| Money and Credit | 367 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 367 |
| AUSTRIA— | |
| Constitution and Government | 368 |
| Area and Population | 371 |
| Religion | 373 |
| Instruction | 374 |
| Justice and Crime | 376 |
| Pauperism | 377 |
| Finance | 378 |
| Production and Industry | 379 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 383 |
| Internal Communications | 383 |
| Money and Credit | 385 |
| Liechtenstein | 386 |
| HUNGARY— | |
| Constitution and Government | 387 |
| Area and Population | 389 |
| Religion | 391 |
| Instruction | 392 |
| Justice and Crime | 394 |
| Pauperism | 394 |
| Finance | 394 |
| Production and Industry | 396 |
| Commerce | 399 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 399 |
| Internal Communications | 400 |
| Money and Credit | 401 |
| Austria-Hungary— | |
| Diplomatic Representatives | 402 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 403 |
| Books of Reference | 404 |
| BELGIUM— | |
| Reigning King | 408 |
| Constitution and Government | 409 |
| Area and Population | 412 |
| Religion | 414 |
| Instruction | 414 |
| Justice and Crime | 416 |
| Pauperism | 416 |
| State Finance | 417 |
| Local Finance | 418 |
| Defence | 418 |
| Production and Industry | 419 |
| Commerce | 421 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 424 |
| Internal Communications | 425 |
| Money and Credit | 425 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 426 |
| Diplomatic Representatives | 426 |
| Books of Reference | 426 |
| BHUTAN | 427 |
| BOLIVIA— | |
| Constitution and Government | 429 |
| Area and Population | 429 |
| Religion, Instruction, and Justice | 430 |
| Finance | 430 |
| Defence | 430 |
| Production and Indusstry | 431 |
| Commerce | 431 |
| Communications | 431 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 432 |
| Consular Representative | 432 |
| Books of Reference | 433 |
| BRAZIL— | |
| Constitution and Government | 434 |
| Area and Population | 436 |
| Religion | 437 |
| Instruction | 437 |
| Justice and Crime | 438 |
| Finance | 438 |
| Defence | 439 |
| Production and Industry | 440 |
| Commerce | 441 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 442 |
| Internal Commimications | 442 |
| Money and Credit | 442 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 443 |
| Diplomatic and Consular Representatives | 443 |
| Books of Reference | 444 |
| CHILE— | |
| Constitution and Government | 445 |
| Area and Population | 446 |
| Religion | 447 |
| Instruction | 447 |
| Justice and Crime | 448 |
| Finance | 448 |
| Defence | 449 |
| Industry | 450 |
| Commerce | 451 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 453 |
| Communications | 453 |
| Money and Credit | 453 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 454 |
| Diplomatic and Consular Representatives | 454 |
| Books of Reference | 454 |
| CHINA— | |
| Reigning Emperor | 456 |
| Government | 456 |
| Area and Population | 457 |
| Religion | 459 |
| Instruction | 459 |
| Finance | 460 |
| Defence | 462 |
| Production and Industry | 463 |
| Commerce | 463 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 466 |
| Internal Communications | 466 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 467 |
| Diplomatic Representatives | 468 |
| Books of Reference | 469 |
| COLOMBIA— | |
| Constitution and Government | 471 |
| Area and Population | 471 |
| Religion and Education | 472 |
| Finance | 472 |
| Defence | 473 |
| Production | 473 |
| Commerce | 474 |
| Shipping and Communications | 474 |
| Money and Credit | 475 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 475 |
| Diplomatic and Commercial Representatives | 476 |
| Books of Reference | 476 |
| CONGO INDEPENDENT STATE— | |
| Constitution and Government | 478 |
| Area and Population | 479 |
| Finance, Defence | 479 |
| Production, Commerce, Shipping | 479 |
| Internal Communications | 480 |
| Books of Reference | 481 |
| COSTA RICA— | |
| Constitution and Government | 482 |
| Area and Population | 482 |
| Religion and Instruction | 482 |
| Justice | 483 |
| Finance | 483 |
| Defence | 483 |
| Industry and Commerce | 483 |
| Shipping and Communications | 484 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 484 |
| Diplomatic and Consular Representatives | 485 |
| Books of Reference | 485 |
| DENMARK— | |
| Reigning King | 486 |
| Constitution and Government | 487 |
| Area and Population | 489 |
| Religion | 490 |
| Instruction | 490 |
| Justice and Crime | 491 |
| Finance | 491 |
| Defence | 493 |
| Production and Industry | 494 |
| Commerce | 494 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 496 |
| Internal Communications | 496 |
| Money and Credit | 496 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 497 |
| Diplomatic and Consular Representatives | 497 |
| Colonies | 497 |
| Books of Reference | 498 |
| ECUADOR— | |
| Constitution and Government | 499 |
| Area and Population | 499 |
| Religion and Instruction | 500 |
| Justice and Crime | 500 |
| Finance | 500 |
| Defence | 501 |
| Commerce | 501 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 502 |
| Internal Communications | 502 |
| Money and Credit | 503 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 503 |
| Diplomatic and Consular Representatives | 504 |
| Books of Reference | 504 |
| FRANCE— | |
| Constitution and Government | 505 |
| Area and Population | 509 |
| Religion | 514 |
| Instruction | 515 |
| Justice and Crime | 517 |
| Pauperism | 518 |
| Finance | 518 |
| Defence | 522 |
| Production and Industry | 530 |
| Commerce | 534 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 537 |
| Internal Communications | 539 |
| Money and Credit | 540 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 541 |
| Diplomatic Representatives | 542 |
| Books of Reference | 542 |
| Andorra | 545 |
| Colonies and Dependencies | 545 |
| Asia— | |
| French India | 547 |
| French Indo-China | 547 |
| Annam | 548 |
| Cambodia | 548 |
| Cochin-China | 548 |
| Tonkin | 549 |
| Books of Reference | 550 |
| Africa— | |
| Algeria— | |
| Government | 550 |
| Area and Population | 551 |
| Religion and Instruction | 551 |
| Crime | 551 |
| Finance | 552 |
| Defence | 552 |
| Industry | 552 |
| Commerce | 553 |
| Shipping and Communications | 554 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 555 |
| Books of Reference | 555 |
| French Congo and Gabun | 556 |
| Madagascar— | |
| Government | 556 |
| Area and Population | 557 |
| Religion, Education, Justice | 558 |
| Finance | 558 |
| Defence | 558 |
| Production and Industry | 559 |
| Commerce | 559 |
| Shipping and Communications | 559 |
| Money and Banks | 560 |
| Consular and other Representatives | 560 |
| Books of Reference | 560 |
| Diégo-Suarez—Nossi-bé—Ste. Marie | 561 |
| Mayotte and the Comoro Islands | 561 |
| Réunion | 561 |
| Obock and Somali Coast | 562 |
| Senegal, French Sudan, French Guinea, Ivory Coast and Dahomey | 562 |
| Books of Reference | 564 |
| Tunis— | |
| Bey | 564 |
| Government | 565 |
| Area and Population | 565 |
| Finance | 566 |
| Industry | 566 |
| Commerce | 567 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 567 |
| Books of Reference | 568 |
| America— | |
| Guadeloupe and Dependencies | 568 |
| Guiana | 569 |
| Martinique | 569 |
| St. Pierre and Miquelon | 569 |
| Books of Reference | 570 |
| Australasia and Oceania— | |
| New Caledonia and Dependencies | 570 |
| Society Islands and Neighbouring Groups | 571 |
| Books of Reference | 571 |
| GERMAN EMPIRE— | |
| Reigning Emperor and King | 572 |
| Constitution and Government | 573 |
| Area and Population | 576 |
| Religion | 580 |
| Instruction | 581 |
| Justice and Crime | 583 |
| Pauperism | 584 |
| Finance | 585 |
| Defence | 587 |
| Production and Industry | 594 |
| Commerce | 598 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 602 |
| Internal Communications | 604 |
| Money and Credit | 607 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 607 |
| Diplomatic Representatives | 608 |
| Books of Reference | 608 |
| Foreign Dependencies | 610 |
| Togoland | 610 |
| Kamerun | 611 |
| German South-West Africa | 612 |
| German East Africa | 613 |
| Kiau-Chau | 614 |
| In the Western Pacific | 614 |
| Books of Reference | 615 |
| States of Germany— | |
| Alsace-Lorraine— | |
| Constitution | 616 |
| Area and Population | 617 |
| Religion, Instruction, Justice and Crime | 617 |
| Finance | 618 |
| Production and Industry | 618 |
| Books of Reference | 618 |
| Anhalt— | |
| Reigning Duke | 618 |
| Constitution | 619 |
| Area and Population | 619 |
| Finance | 620 |
| Baden— | |
| Reigning Grand-Duke | 620 |
| Constitution | 621 |
| Area and Population | 621 |
| Religion and Instruction | 622 |
| Finance | 623 |
| Production and Industry | 623 |
| Communications | 624 |
| Books of Reference | 624 |
| Bavaria— | |
| Reigning King | 624 |
| Regent | 624 |
| Constitution and Government | 625 |
| Area and Population | 626 |
| Religion | 628 |
| Instruction | 628 |
| Justice, Crime, and Pauperism | 628 |
| Finance | 629 |
| Army | 629 |
| Production and Industry | 630 |
| Books of Reference | 630 |
| Bremen— | |
| Constitution | 631 |
| Area and Population | 631 |
| Religion, Justice, and Crime | 631 |
| Finance | 632 |
| Commerce and Shipping | 632 |
| Books of Reference | 632 |
| Brunswick— | |
| Regent | 632 |
| Constitution | 633 |
| Area and Population | 633 |
| Finance | 634 |
| Production and Industry | 634 |
| Books of Reference | 634 |
| Hamburg— | |
| Constitution | 634 |
| Area and Population | 635 |
| Religion, Justice, Crime, and Agriculture | 636 |
| Finance | 636 |
| Commerce and Shipping | 636 |
| Books of Reference | 638 |
| Hesse— | |
| Reigning Grand-Duke | 638 |
| Constitution | 639 |
| Area and Population | 639 |
| Religion and Instruction | 640 |
| Finance | 640 |
| Production and Industry | 641 |
| Books of Reference | 641 |
| Lippe— | |
| Reigning Prince | 642 |
| Constitution | 642 |
| Area and Population | 642 |
| Finance and Industry | 643 |
| Lübeck— | |
| Constitution | 643 |
| Area and Population | 643 |
| Religion, Instruction, Justice, and Pauperism | 644 |
| Finance | 644 |
| Commerce and Shipping | 644 |
| Books of Reference | 645 |
| Mecklenburg-Schwerin— | |
| Reigning Grand-Duke | 645 |
| Constitution | 645 |
| Area and Population | 646 |
| Religion and Instruction | 646 |
| Justice, Crime, and Pauperism | 646 |
| Finance | 647 |
| Production | 647 |
| Mecklenburg-Strelitz— | |
| Reigning Grand-Duke | 647 |
| Constitution and Finance | 648 |
| Area, Population, &c. | 648 |
| Oldenburg— | |
| Reigning Grand-Duke | 649 |
| Constitution and Revenue | 650 |
| Area and Population | 650 |
| Religion, Instruction, and Justice | 651 |
| Production | 651 |
| Books of Reference | 651 |
| Prussia— | |
| Reigning King | 652 |
| Constitution and Government | 654 |
| Area and Population | 658 |
| Religion | 661 |
| Instruction | 661 |
| Justice, Crime | 663 |
| Finance | 663 |
| Army | 665 |
| Production and Industry | 666 |
| Commerce | 667 |
| Internal Communications | 667 |
| Books of Reference | 667 |
| Reuss, Elder Branch | 668 |
| Reuss, Younger Branch | 668 |
| Saxe-Altenburg | 670 |
| Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | 671 |
| Saxe-Meiningen | 673 |
| Saxe-Weimar— | |
| Reigning Grand-Duke | 674 |
| Constitution and Revenue | 675 |
| Area and Population | 675 |
| Religion, Instruction, Justice, and Crime | 676 |
| Production | 676 |
| Saxony— | |
| Reigning King | 676 |
| Constitution and Government | 677 |
| Area and Population | 678 |
| Religion | 679 |
| Instruction | 680 |
| Justice, Crime, and Pauperism | 680 |
| Finance | 680 |
| Production and Industry | 680 |
| Communications | 682 |
| Books of Reference | 682 |
| Schaumburg-Lippe— | |
| Reigning Prince | 682 |
| Constitution and Finance | 682 |
| Area and Population | 682 |
| Schartzburg-Rudolstadt | 683 |
| Schwartzburg-Sonderhausen | 684 |
| Waldeck | 685 |
| Württemberg— | |
| Reigning King | 686 |
| Constitution and Government | 686 |
| Area and Population | 687 |
| Religion | 688 |
| Instruction | 688 |
| Crime and Pauperism | 689 |
| Finance | 689 |
| Army | 690 |
| Industry | 690 |
| Books of Reference | 690 |
| GREECE— | |
| Reigning King | 691 |
| Constitution and Government | 692 |
| Area and Population | 693 |
| Religion | 694 |
| Instruction | 694 |
| Finance | 695 |
| Defence | 697 |
| Production and Industry | 698 |
| Commerce | 699 |
| Navigation and Shipping | 701 |
| Internal Communications | 701 |
| Money and Credit | 701 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 702 |
| Diplomatic Representatives | 702 |
| Books of Reference | 702 |
| GUATEMALA— | |
| Constitution and Government | 704 |
| Area and Population | 704 |
| Religion | 704 |
| Instruction | 704 |
| Crime | 704 |
| Finance | 705 |
| Defence | 705 |
| Production and Industry | 705 |
| Commerce | 706 |
| Shipping and Communications | 706 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 707 |
| Diplomatic and Consular Representatives | 707 |
| Books of Reference | 707 |
| HAITI— | |
| Constitution and Government | 708 |
| Area and Population | 708 |
| Religion and Instruction | 709 |
| Finance | 709 |
| Defence | 709 |
| Commerce and Communications | 709 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 710 |
| Diplomatic and Consular Representatives | 710 |
| Books of Reference | 711 |
| HONDURAS— | |
| Constitution and Government | 712 |
| Area and Population | 712 |
| Instruction | 712 |
| Finance | 712 |
| Production and Commerce | 713 |
| Communications | 713 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 713 |
| Diplomatic and Consular Representatives | 714 |
| Books of Reference | 714 |
| ITALY— | |
| Reigning King | 715 |
| Constitution and Government | 716 |
| Area and Population | 719 |
| Religion | 726 |
| Instruction | 733 |
| Justice and Crime | 735 |
| Pauperism | 736 |
| Finance | 737 |
| Defence | 742 |
| Production and Industry | 748 |
| Commerce | 751 |
| Navigation and Shipping | 753 |
| Internal Communications | 754 |
| Money and Credit | 755 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 756 |
| Diplomatic Representatives | 756 |
| Foreign Dependencies | 757 |
| Books of Reference | 758 |
| JAPAN— | |
| Reigning Sovereign | 761 |
| Constitution and Government | 761 |
| Local Government | 763 |
| Area and Population | 763 |
| Religion | 765 |
| Instruction | 765 |
| Justice and Crime | 765 |
| Pauperism | 766 |
| Finance | 766 |
| Defence | 768 |
| Production and Industry | 770 |
| Commerce | 771 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 772 |
| Internal Communications | 773 |
| Money and Credit | 773 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 774 |
| Diplomatic Representatives | 775 |
| Books of Reference | 775 |
| KOREA— | |
| Government | 777 |
| Area and Population | 777 |
| Religion and Instruction | 778 |
| Finance | 778 |
| Defence | 778 |
| Production and Commerce | 778 |
| Money | 780 |
| Books of Reference | 780 |
| LIBERIA— | |
| Constitution and Government | 780 |
| Area and Population | 781 |
| Finance | 781 |
| Commerce | 781 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 782 |
| Diplomatic and Consular Representatives | 782 |
| Books of Reference | 782 |
| LUXEMBURG | 783 |
| MEXICO— | |
| Constitution and Government | 784 |
| Area and Population | 785 |
| Religion, Instruction, Justice | 786 |
| State Finance | 787 |
| Local Finance | 788 |
| Defence | 788 |
| Production and Industry | 789 |
| Commerce | 790 |
| Shipping and Communications | 791 |
| Money and Credit | 791 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 792 |
| Diplomatic and Consular Representatives | 792 |
| Books of Reference | 793 |
| MONACO | 794 |
| MONTENEGRO— | |
| Reigning Prince | 795 |
| Government | 795 |
| Area and Population | 796 |
| Religion | 796 |
| Instruction | 796 |
| Justice, Crime, and Pauperism | 797 |
| Finance, Defence | 797 |
| Production and Industry | 797 |
| Commerce | 798 |
| Communications | 798 |
| Money | 798 |
| Books of Reference | 798 |
| MOROCCO— | |
| Reigning Sultan | 799 |
| Government | 799 |
| Area and Population | 799 |
| Defence | 800 |
| Commerce | 800 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 801 |
| Diplomatic and Consular Representatives | 802 |
| Books of Reference | 802 |
| NEPAL | 803 |
| NETHERLANDS (THE)— | |
| Reigning Sovereign | 805 |
| Government and Constitution | 806 |
| Area and Population | 809 |
| Religion | 811 |
| Instruction | 811 |
| Justice and Crime | 813 |
| Pauperism | 813 |
| Finance | 814 |
| Defence | 816 |
| Production and Industry | 818 |
| Commerce | 820 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 823 |
| Internal Communications | 824 |
| Money and Credit | 826 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 827 |
| Diplomatic and Consular Representatives | 828 |
| Colonies | 828 |
| Dutch East Indies— | |
| Government and Constitution | 828 |
| Area and Population | 829 |
| Religion | 831 |
| Instruction | 831 |
| Justice and Crime | 832 |
| Finance | 832 |
| Defence | 833 |
| Production and Industry | 834 |
| Commerce | 835 |
| Shipping and Communications | 836 |
| Money and Credit | 837 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 837 |
| Consular Representatives | 837 |
| Dutch West Indies— | |
| Dutch Guiana, or Surinam | 837 |
| Curaçao | 839 |
| Books of Reference | 840 |
| NICARAGUA— | |
| Constitution and Government | 843 |
| Area and Population | 843 |
| Instruction | 843 |
| Finance | 844 |
| Industry and Commerce | 844 |
| Shipping and Communications | 845 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 845 |
| Diplomatic and Consular Representatives | 846 |
| Books of Reference | 846 |
| OMAN | 847 |
| ORANGE FREE STATE— | |
| Constition and Government | 848 |
| Area and Population | 848 |
| Religion | 849 |
| Instruction | 849 |
| Justice and Crime | 849 |
| Finance | 849 |
| Defence | 850 |
| Production and Industry | 850 |
| Commerce | 850 |
| Communications | 851 |
| Books of Reference | 851 |
| PARAGUAY— | |
| Constitution and Government | 852 |
| Area and Population | 852 |
| Religion, Instruction, and Justice | 853 |
| Finance | 853 |
| Defence | 854 |
| Production and Industry | 854 |
| Commerce | 854 |
| Communications | 855 |
| Books of Reference | 855 |
| PERSIA— | |
| Reigning Shah | 857 |
| Government | 858 |
| Area and Population | 859 |
| Religion | 859 |
| Instruction | 860 |
| Justice | 860 |
| Finance | 860 |
| Defence | 861 |
| Production and Industry | 861 |
| Commerce | 862 |
| Money and Credit | 864 |
| Communications | 864 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 865 |
| Diplomatic Representatives | 866 |
| Books of Reference | 867 |
| PERU— | |
| Constition and Government | 868 |
| Area and Population | 868 |
| Religion | 869 |
| Instruction | 869 |
| Finance | 870 |
| Defence | 871 |
| Industry | 871 |
| Commerce | 872 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 873 |
| Internal Communications | 873 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 874 |
| Diplomatic Representatives | 875 |
| Books of Reference | 875 |
| PORTUGAL— | |
| Reigning King | 877 |
| Constition and Government | 878 |
| Area and Population | 879 |
| Religion | 881 |
| Instruction | 882 |
| Justice and Crime | 882 |
| Finance | 883 |
| Defence | 884 |
| Production and Industry | 885 |
| Commerce | 886 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 888 |
| Internal Communications | 889 |
| Money and Credit | 889 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 889 |
| Diplomatic Representatives | 890 |
| Dependencies | 890 |
| Books of Reference | 893 |
| RUMANIA— | |
| Reigning King | 895 |
| Constition and Government | 895 |
| Area and Population | 896 |
| Religion and Instruction | 897 |
| Finance | 897 |
| Defence | 898 |
| Production and Industry | 899 |
| Commerce | 900 |
| Shipping and Communications | 901 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 901 |
| Diplomatic and Consular Representatives | 901 |
| Books of Reference | 902 |
| RUSSIA— | |
| Reigning Emperor | 903 |
| Constitution and Government | 905 |
| Area and Population | 910 |
| Religion | 916 |
| Instruction | 918 |
| Justice and Crime | 921 |
| Finance | 923 |
| Defence | 935 |
| Production and Industry | 946 |
| Commerce | 952 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 959 |
| Internal Communications | 961 |
| Money and Credit | 965 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 967 |
| Diplomatic and Consular Representatives | 967 |
| Finland— | |
| Population | 968 |
| Instruction | 969 |
| Pauperism and Crime | 969 |
| Finance | 969 |
| Industry | 969 |
| Commerce | 970 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 971 |
| Internal Communications | 971 |
| Money, Weights, &c. | 972 |
| Dependencies in Asia— | |
| Bokhara | 972 |
| Khiva | 973 |
| Port Arthur and Talien-Wan | 974 |
| Books of Reference | 975 |
| SALVADOR— | |
| Constitution and Government | 979 |
| Area and Population | 979 |
| Instruction and Justice | 979 |
| Finance | 980 |
| Production and Commerce | 980 |
| Shipping and Communications | 981 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 981 |
| Diplomatic Representatives | 981 |
| Books of Reference | 981 |
| SAMOA | 982 |
| SANTO DOMINGO— | |
| Constitution and Government | 983 |
| Area and Population | 984 |
| Religion and Instruction | 984 |
| Justice | 984 |
| Finance | 984 |
| Defence | 985 |
| Production and Industry | 985 |
| Commerce | 985 |
| Shipping and Communications | 985 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 986 |
| Diplomatic and Consular Representatives | 986 |
| Books of Reference | 986 |
| SERVIA— | |
| Reigning Sovereign and Family | 987 |
| Constitution and Government | 987 |
| Area and Population | 988 |
| Religion | 989 |
| Instruction | 989 |
| Justice, Crime, Pauperism | 990 |
| Finance | 990 |
| Defence | 991 |
| Production and Industry | 992 |
| Commerce | 992 |
| Communications | 994 |
| Money and Credit | 994 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 994 |
| Diplomatic and Consular Representatives | 994 |
| Books of Reference | 995 |
| SIAM— | |
| Reigning King. | 996 |
| Government | 996 |
| Area and Population | 997 |
| Religion and Instruction | 998 |
| Finance | 998 |
| Defence | 998 |
| Production and Industry | 999 |
| Commerce | 999 |
| Shipping and Communications | 1000 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 1001 |
| Diplomatic and Consular Representatives | 1001 |
| Books of Reference | 1001 |
| SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC— | |
| Constitution and Government | 1003 |
| Area and Population | 1004 |
| Religion | 1004 |
| Instruction | 1004 |
| Finance | 1005 |
| Defence | 1005 |
| Production and Industry | 1005 |
| Commerce | 1006 |
| Communications | 1006 |
| Swaziland | 1006 |
| Books of Reference | 1007 |
| SPAIN— | |
| Reigning Sovereign | 1008 |
| Queen Regent | 1008 |
| Government and Constitution | 1009 |
| Area and Population | 1012 |
| Religion | 1013 |
| Instruction | 1014 |
| Finance | 1014 |
| Defence | 1016 |
| Production and Industry | 1018 |
| Commerce | 1019 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 1021 |
| Internal Communications | 1021 |
| Money and Credit | 1022 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 1022 |
| Diplomatic and Consular Representatives | 1022 |
| Colonies | 1023 |
| Books of Reference | 1023 |
| SWEDEN AND NORWAY— | |
| Reigning King | 1025 |
| Sweden— | |
| Constitution and Government | 1026 |
| Area and Population | 1028 |
| Religion | 1031 |
| Instruction | 1031 |
| Justice and Crime | 1031 |
| Pauperism | 1031 |
| Finance | 1032 |
| Defence | 1033 |
| Production and Industry | 1035 |
| Commerce | 1036 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 1038 |
| Internal Communications | 1038 |
| Money and Credit | 1039 |
| Norway— | |
| Constitution and Government | 1040 |
| Area and Population | 1042 |
| Religion | 1044 |
| Instruction | 1044 |
| Justice and Crime | 1045 |
| Pauperism | 1045 |
| Finance | 1046 |
| Defence | 1047 |
| Production and Industry | 1049 |
| Commerce | 1050 |
| Shipping and Navigation | 1052 |
| Internal Communications | 1053 |
| Money and Credit | 1054 |
| Money, Weights, and Measures | 1055 |
| Diplomatic Representatives | 1055 |
| Books of Reference | 1056 |